My Prehistoric Saga: Size Calculations for Dryptosaurus

Dryptosaurus holotype skeleton ANSP 9995 (cast) (Delaware Museum of Natural History):

Links:
Photo:
https://images.app.goo.gl/4Ma9Nwjkm8WY11Zh6
Delaware Museum of Natural History:
https://delmns.org/metamorphosis-in-progress/

The Percentage Increase/Decrease Method:
1. Take new number and subtract it from original number.
2. Take that number and divide it by the original number and multiply by 100.
3. That number will by your percentage increase or decrease if it's negative.

Ex.: "Stan's" Femur is 130 and has a body length of 12.2 meters. "Wyrex" has a femur length of 132.7 cm.

132.7 - 130 = 2.7.
2.7 divided by (represented by "/") and multiplied by (represented by "*") equals 2.1.
(2.7/130*100 = 2.1)
2.1 is your percentage increase, or 2.1% increase.
12.2 m + 2.1% = 12.5 meters for "Wyrex."

Links:
Percentage Increase/Decrease Method Links:
"Percentage Change - Percentage Increase and Decrease." SkillsYouNeed:

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percent-change.html
"Relative Increase." percentage.calculators.ro:
https://percentages.calculators.ro/15-percentage-increase-from-original-number-to-new-value.php

Dryptosaurus aquilunguis:
1. ANSP 9995 (Holotype):
Femur (Brusatte et al., 2011, p. 27 Figure 15, A). Scale bar (first one) is 10 cm:

-78.1 or 80 cm (Brusatte et al., 2011, p. 20 Table 2; p. 47 Table 3)

-My measurement: 81 cm (Measured on 5/7/22 in Brusatte et al., 2011, p. 27 Figure 15, A).
-Estimated full length: 35.5 inches (90.2 cm) (Cope 1869, p. 104).

Allosaurus fragilis Specimen USNM 4734:

Femur: 85 cm.

Body: 26 feet (7.9 meters).

78.1 cm:

85 - 78.1 = 6.9.

6.9/85*100 = 8.1% decrease.

7.9 m - 8.1% = 24 feet (7.3 meters).

81 cm:
85 - 81 = 4.
4/85*100 = 4.9% decrease.
7.9 m - 4.9% = 25 feet (7.5 meters).

90.2 cm:
90.2 - 85 = 5.2.
5.2/85*100 = 6.1% increase.

7.9 m + 6.1% = 28 feet (8.4 meters).

ANSP 9995's total length: 28 feet (8.4 meters).

Holotype's stats:
Humerus (p. 19 Figure 11 C): 30.5 cm (at best).
Manual phalanx 1-1 (p. 22 Figure 12, A): 16 cm (at best/most) (Also noted on pp. 20 Table 1 and 47 Table 3) (Note: Incomplete near distal end. Check Table 1).
Femur (p. 27 Figure 15 A): 81 cm (at best).
Tibia (p. 31 Figure 18 A): 81 cm (at best).
Fibula (p. 34 Figure 19 D): 46.5 cm (at best) (Incomplete; see p. 20) (Carpenter et al., 1997, p. 568).

Link:

Brusatte et al., (2011):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281043562_The_Anatomy_of_Dryptosaurus_aquilunguis_Dinosauria_Theropoda_and_a_Review_of_Its_Tyrannosauroid_Affinities

Nanotyrannus/Dryptosaurus lancensis:

1. BMRP 2006.4.4 ("Petey"):

Femur (Woodland et al., 2020, Supplementary Information, p. 9 Figure S2 C):

-77.4 cm (Woodland et al., 2020, "Materials and Methods" p. 1).

-My measurement: 79 cm (Measured on 5/7/22 in Woodward et al., 2020, Supplementary Information, p. 9 Figure S2 C).
Age: 15. (Woodland et al., 2020, "Results" p. 4, "Ontogenetic age: p. 1) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 7)

Dryptosaurus holotype:
Femur: 90.2 cm.
Body length: 8.4 meters.

90.2 - 79 = 11.2.
11.2/90.2*100 = 12.4% decrease.
8.4 m - 12.4% = 24 feet (7.4 meters).

BMRP 2006.4.4's total length: 24 feet (7.4 meters).

Link:
Nanotyrannus is a species of Dryptosaurus:
https://psdinosaurs.blogspot.com/2021/08/evidence-of-subadult-nanotyrannus.html
Woodland et al., (2020) ("Materials and Methods" p. 1):
https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/1/eaax6250
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

https://peerj.com/articles/9192/

2. BMRP 2002.4.1 ("Jane"):
*Femur: 72.0 cm (Larson, 2013, p. 18) (Woodward et al., 2020, Materials and Methods, p. 1) (Theropod Database, Tyrannosaurus rex).

Age: 11-13. (Erickson et al., 2006, Supplementary Materials, pg. 13) (Woodland et al., 2020, "Results" p. 4, "Ontogenetic age" p.1) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 5).
Skull: 77.7 cm (Measured on 8/28/21 in Brusatte et al., 2010, Figure 1 E).
Maxilla: 48 cm (at best) (Measured on 6/10/22 in Brusatte et al., 2010, Figure 1, E).

Dentary: 52 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/20/22 in Brusatte et al., 2010).
Dentary tooth row length: 31.5 cm (Measured in photo from Dalman).
Ilium: 79.5 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/20/22 from Holtz's pic).
Humerus: 29.1 cm (Measured on 5/7/22 from Holtz's Twitter Post).
Tibia: 89.5 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/7/22 in Woodward et al., 2020, Supplementary Information, p. 9 Figure S2 B).

Skull (Brusatte et al., 2010, Figure 1, E). Scale bar is 10 cm:

"Jane" and baby T. rex specimen BHI 6439 dentaries (Photo was give to me by Sebastian Dalman):

Humerus (left) compared to T. rex specimen "Sue" (Holtz's Twitter Post):

Tibia (Woodward et al., 2020, Supplementary Information, p. 9 Figure S2 B):

Length:

*1. Femur:

BMRP 2006.4.4 ("Petey"):

Femur: 79 cm.
Body length: 7.4 meters.

79 - 72 = 7.
7/79*100 = 8.9% decrease.
7.4 m - 8.9% = 22 feet (6.7 meters).

2. Humerus:
ANSP 9995 (Holotype):
Humerus: 30.5 cm.
Length: 7.5 m.

30.5 - 29.1 = 1.4.
1.4/30.5*100 = 4.6% decrease.
7.5 m - 4.6% = 24 feet (7.2 meters).

Humerus for holotype is incomplete, so I'm going with the femur length.

BMRP 2002.4.1's Total Length: 22 feet (6.7 meters).

"Jane's" stats:
Age: 13 (Woodland et al., 2020, "Results" p. 4, "Ontogenetic age" p.1) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 5).
Length: 22 feet (6.7 meters).
Skull: 77.7 cm (Measured on 8/28/21 in Brusatte et al., 2010, Figure 1 E).
Maxilla: 36.7 cm (My measurement from Peterson and Daus, 2019).
Dentary: 52 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/20/22 in Brusatte et al., 2010).
Dentary tooth row length: 31.5 cm (Measured in photo from Dalman).
Ilium: 79.5 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/20/22 from Holtz's lecture pic).
Femur: 72.0 cm (Larson, 2013, p. 18) (Woodward et al., 2020, Materials and Methods, p. 1) (Theropod Database, Tyrannosaurus rex).

Humerus: 29.1 cm (Measured on 5/7/22 from Holtz's Twitter Post).

Tibia: 89.5 cm (at best) (Measured on 5/7/22 in Woodward et al., 2020, Supplementary Information, p. 9 Figure S2 B).

Links:
Nanotyrannus is a species of Dryptosaurus:
https://psdinosaurs.blogspot.com/2021/08/evidence-of-subadult-nanotyrannus.html
Theropod Database. Tyrannosaurus rex:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Woodland et al., (2020) (Materials and Methods, para. 1; Results, para. 4; Ontogenetic age, para.1):

https://advances.sciencemag.org/content/6/1/eaax6250

Supplementary Materials:

https://www.science.org/action/downloadSupplement?doi=10.1126%2Fsciadv.aax6250&file=aax6250_sm.pdf

Carr (2020) (Figure 12):
https://peerj.com/articles/9192/
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 13):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

Brusatte et al., (2010) (Figure 1):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46288434_Tyrannosaur_Paleobiology_New_Research_on_Ancient_Exemplar_Organisms
Dalman (pers. comm.).

Holtz's Twitter Post:

https://twitter.com/TomHoltzPaleo/status/1367247262124929026?s=20
Larson (2013):

https://www.geokniga.org/bookfiles/geokniga-tyrannosaurid-paleobiology.pdf

3. CMNH 7541 (Holotype of "Gorgosaurus lancensis"):
Skull (Dalman et al., 2018, Figure 15 D):

Skull: 53 cm (My measurement) (Measured on 8/28/21 in Dalman et al., 2018, Figure 15 D).

Dentary: 38.9 cm (My measurement) (Measured on 8/28/21 in Dalman et al., 2018, Figure 15 D).
Age: 14 (maybe more), and was an adult with an EFS found in its hyoid bone (Griffin et al., 2024 [SVP, 2024, pp. 232-233]).

Allosaurus specimen USNM 4734:

Skull: 60.5 cm.
Body: 26 feet (7.9 meters).

60.5 - 53 = 7.5.
7.5/60.5*100 = 12.4% decrease.
7.9 m - 12.4% = 6.9 meters.

*BMRP 2002.4.1 ("Jane"):
Skull: 77.7 cm.

Body: 6.7 meters.

77.7 - 53 = 24.7.
24.7/77.7*100 = 31.8% decrease.
6.7 m - 31.8% = 15 feet (4.6 meters).

CMNH's Total Length: 15 feet (4.6 meters).

Links:
Nanotyrannus is a species of Dryptosaurus:
https://psdinosaurs.blogspot.com/2021/08/evidence-of-subadult-nanotyrannus.html

Dalman et al., (2018):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328676947_TYRANNOSAURID_TEETH_FROM_THE_UPPER_CRETACEOUS_CAMPANIAN_TWO_MEDICINE_FORMATION_OF_MONTANA

Carr (2020) (Figure 12, Number 4):
https://peerj.com/articles/9192/

Griffin et al., (2024) (SVP, 2024, pp. 232-233):

https://vertpaleo.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/2024_SVP_Program_Final3.pdf

4. BHI 6437 ("Bloody Mary"/"Dueling Dinosaurs" specimen):
Skull (Dino Death Match, Nat Geo, 26:13):

Length: 81 cm (at best) (Note: Skull was crushed by Triceratops).
Maxilla: 41 (at best) (Incomplete, tip is missing).
(?)Dentary: 52.5 cm (Incomplete; measured up to end of curve in angular).

Humerus (Larson's Twitter Post):

Humerus: 27.3 cm (at best).
Radius: 16 cm.
Ulna: 20.4 cm.
Manual phalanx 1-1: 15 cm.

Length:
"Jane":
Skull: 77.7 cm.
Humerus: 29.1 cm.
Body: 6.7 m.

1. Skull:
81 - 77.7 = 3.3.
3.3/77.7*100 = 4.3% increase.
7.2 m + 4.3% = 25 feet (7.5 meters).

*2. Humerus:
29.1 - 27.3 = 1.8.
1.8/29.1*100 = 6.2% decrease.
6.7 m - 6.2% = 21 feet (6.3 meters).

Manual phalanx 1-1:
ANSP 9995 (Holotype):
Manual phalanx 1-1: 16 (incomplete).
Length: 7.5 m.

16 - 15 = 1.
1/16*100 = 6.3% decrease.
7.5 m - 6.3% = 23 feet (7.0 meters).

I'll go with the humerus length.

BHI 6437's total length: 21 feet (6.3 meters).

Link:
Dino Death Match
Larson's Twitter Post:

https://mobile.twitter.com/PeteLarsonTrex/status/762721220701847552

5. HRS11186:
Ulna (SWAU, HRS11186). Scale bar is 10 cm:

Length: 23.1 cm (Measured on 6/6/22).

BHI 6437:
Ulna: 20.4 cm.
Length: 6.3 meters.

23.1 - 20.4 = 2.7.
2.7/20.4*100. =13.2% increase.
6.3 m + 13.2% = 23 feet (7.1 meters).

HRS11186's total length: 23 feet (7.1 meters).

6. KUVP 156375 ("Laurel"):
Maxillae (Fossil Forum). I used 5 cm from the scale bar shown: