Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Size Calculations for Tyrannosaurus rex.

Size Calculations for Tyrannosaurus rex.

I decided to move all of the T. rex specimens to a separate post because I've found so many, and I didn't want my "Size Calculations for Carnivorous Dinosaurs" post to be mainly about T. rex.

Note:
Specimens with questions marks next to them are from other websites, or private specimens, and not from papers or museums.  

The Percentage Increase/Decrease Method:
1. Take new number and subtract it from original number.
2. Take that number and divide it by the original number and multiply by 100.
3. That number will by your percentage increase or decrease if it's negative.

Ex.: "Stan's" Femur is 130 and has a body length of 12.2 meters. "Wyrex" has a femur length of 132.7 cm.

132.7 - 130 = 2.7.
2.7 divided by (represented by "/") and multiplied by (represented by "*") equals 2.1.
(2.7/130*100 = 2.1)
2.1 is your percentage increase, or 2.1% increase.
12.2 m + 2.1% = 12.5 meters for "Wyrex."

Links:
Percentage Increase/Decrease Method Links:
"Percentage Change - Percentage Increase and Decrease." SkillsYouNeed:
https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percent-change.html
"Relative Increase." percentage.calculators.ro:
https://percentages.calculators.ro/15-percentage-increase-from-original-number-to-new-value.php

Specimens:
1. BHI 3033 ("Stan"):
I grew up with this specimen. Whenever I go to the Smithsonian Natural History Museum in Washington D.C, he's my favorite part of the exhibit.

I couldn't find a picture of "Stan's" femur to measure, so I'm going with the original femur length given:

 Femur (Original Size): 130.0 cm. (BHIGR)

Compared to MOR 555, with a femur that was 128 cm in length, "Stan" would be 12.2 meters long.

MOR 555's Measurements (Farlow et al., 1995):
Femur: 128 cm.
Body: 11.96 or 12.0 meters. (Farlow et al., 1995) (Natural Museums Scotland)

128 - 130 = 2.
2/128*100 = 1.6% increase.
12.0 m + 1.6% = 12.2 meters for "Stan."

(Update 8/27/19): MOR 555's femur is now 130 cm. This makes MOR 555 12.2 meters as well.

According to the Black Hills Institute's (BHIGR) website, "Stan" was 12.2 meters long with a 130-cm femur. Therefore, any T.rex with a 130-cm femur would be 12.2 meters long.

Note (8/4/19): I'm sticking with the 130-cm femur length because I did manage to find a picture of "Stan's" femur in Larson and Carpenter (2008) (pg. 121). However, I got 155 cm for it (straight side)! I know that's WAY too big for this specimen. Also, Larson and Carpenter (2008) gave "Stan's" femur a length of 131 cm (pg. 122), so 155 cm is just too big. Therefore, I'm sticking with the original femur length.

BHI 3033's Femur ("A") (Larson and Carpenter (2008) (pg. 121):
Update (9/5/19): I found a picture of "Stan's" skull in Carpenter (2013) (pg. 268) (Scale bar is 10 cm):
Measurement 1 (9/5/19):
*Maxilla: 76 cm.
*Dentary: 91 cm.
Skull: 142 cm.
Mandible: 126 cm (Measured on 3/21/21).

Measurement 2 (9/5/19):
*Maxilla: 76 cm.
Dentary: 90 cm.

Measurement 3 (9/5/19):
*Maxilla: 76 cm (at best).
Dentary: 90 cm.

AMNH 5027:
Dentary: 94 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

91 - 94 = 3.
3/91*100 = 3.3% increase.
12.2 m + 3.3% = 41 feet (12.6 meters).
147 cm + 3.3% = 151.9 cm for the skull.
12.6 m - 3.3% = 12.2 meters for "Stan."
91 - 94 = 3.
3/94*100 = 3.2% decrease.
12.6 m - 3.2% = 40 feet (12.2 meters) for "Stan."

Correction: 91 cm seems correct. Perhaps BHIGR really did meant that the full dentary really is 91 cm. This was also mention in the BHIGR Catalog (2012) (p. 2):
***Conclusion:
Maxilla: 76 cm (Measured in Carpenter, 2013, p. 268).
Dentary: 91 cm (Measured in Carpenter, 2013, pg. 268) (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, p. 2).
Skull: 147 cm (Based on AMNH 5027) (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, p. 2).
Body: 40 feet (12.2 meters) (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 2).

BHI 3033's Total Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

Note: I also got 130 cm for "Stan's" femur from Paleofile. (Measured again on 12/27/19)

"Stan's" Stats:
Femur: 130.0 cm. (BHIGR) (Paleofile)
Maxilla: 76 cm. (Measured in Carpenter, 2013, pg. 268)
Dentary: 91 cm. (Measured in Carpenter, 2013, pg. 268) (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 2)
Skull: 147 cm. (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 2)
Body: 12.2 meters. (BHIGR) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 2)
Age: 18. (Erickson et al., 2005, pg. 13)
Weight: 6 tons (NMNH)
Tibia: 109.6 cm (11.6% smaller than "Sue's," based on maxilla).

Links:
Skull:
BHIGR:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=48
Link 2:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=49
BHIGR Catalog (2012) (pg. 2):
http://www.bhigr.com/catalog/BHIGR-Catalog.pdf
Femur:
BHIGR:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=546
Paleofile:
http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Larson and Carpenter (2008) (pg. 121-122):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&pg=PR4&dq=larson+and+carpenter+2008+tyrannosaurus&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDgfPJ5LjkAhXDUt8KHc6hDo4Q6AEwAnoECAIQAg#v=onepage&q=bhi%203033%20femur&f=false
Dentary:
BHIGR:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=50&cat=2&page=1
BHIGR Catalog (2012) (pg. 2):
http://www.bhigr.com/catalog/BHIGR-Catalog.pdf
Body Length:
BHIGR:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=46&cat=2&page=1
BHIGR Catalog (2012) (pg. 2):
http://www.bhigr.com/catalog/BHIGR-Catalog.pdf
Maxilla:
Carpenter (2013) (pg. 268):
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kenneth_Carpenter3/publication/289279026_A_closer_look_at_the_hypothesis_of_scavenging_versus_predation_by_Tyrannosaurus_rex/links/58c6dd1f92851c653192b206/A-closer-look-at-the-hypothesis-of-scavenging-versus-predation-by-Tyrannosaurus-rex.pdf
Backup Picture:
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Left-maxillae-of-Tyrannosaurus-rex-in-A-B-lateral-view-CMNH-9380-reversed-and-C_fig2_260561984
Age:
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 13):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

Link 2:

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

Paper: 
http://www.stats.ox.ac.uk/~martin/BS3b/erickson.pdf

Weight:
NMNH:
http://www.nmnaturalhistory.org/exhibits/permanent-exhibits/t-rex-attack

2. MOR 555 ("Wankel Rex"/"Nation's Rex"):
MOR 555's Femur Lengths:
1. Larson (1994) (pg. 142): 130 cm. (Same as "Stan")

2. Farlow et al., (1995) gave 128.0 cm for MOR's femur (pg. 715). They also gave it a body length of 12.0 meters. National Museums Scotland gave the same body length.

3. Theropod Database: 127.7 cm.

It seems that the original femur length for MOR 555 is 130 cm, just like "Stan's." Therefore, I'm going to give MOR 555 the same body length as "Stan."

MOR 555's Femur Length (Larson, 1994, pg. 142):
Also, Horner and Lessem (1993 gave MOR 555 a length of 40 feet on pg. 144. They also gave it a skull length of 5 feet. "Stan's" skull is 147 cm long, which is also 5 feet. Therefore, MOR 555 is 40 feet long (12.2 meters), with a skull length of 147 cm, and a femur length of 130 cm.

Weight:
Horner and Lessem (1993) state that paleontologist Jim Farlow gave MOR 555 a weight of 6.5 tons (pg. 199). Farlow et al., (1995) gave MOR 555 a weight of 6000 kg, which is 6.6 tons. Dave Smith (1995) gave MOR 555 a weight of 6 tons, and a body length of 40 feet. Therefore, MOR 555 weighed about 6-6.6 tons.

The age of this specimens spans from 14-22 years (Horner and Padian, 2004) (Erickson et al., 2005) (Orf, 2014) (Hendrix, 2019) (National Museums Scotland). Horner and Padian (2014) used a cross-section of its tibia to guess its age at around 14 years old (pg. 1877). Horner in 2013 also said that the specimen is still growing (Schontzler, 2013). T.rex stops growing at around age 18 (Erickson et al., 2004, pg. 773) (Science Daily, 2004), so age 14 seems to be more accurate for MOR 555.

MOR 555's Total Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).
Age: 14 (Horner and Padian, 2004, pg. 1877).
Age 18: 44 feet (13.4 meters)(?) (My estimate).

Just to make sure that this specimen is really 40 feet long, or the same size as "Stan," I estimated the size of "Stan's" tibia based on his maxilla, and compared it to "Sue's":

86 - 76 = 10.
10/86*100 = 11.6% decrease.
124 - 11.6% = 109.6 cm for "Stan's" tibia.

This is extremely close to what Larson (1994) gave to MOR 555's tibia, which is 109 cm. I will gave the same length to MOR 555's tibia, but keep the 130-cm length for MOR 555's femur.

Update (3/21/21): Carr (2020) says that MOR 555's estimate of 14 years of age was based on a damaged bone, so the actual age of the animal is older (Materials and Methods: Chronological age data"). He gave the animal an age of 25 (Figure 12, number 23).

MOR 555's Stats:
Femur: 130.0 cm. (Larson, 1994, pg. 142)
Tibia: 109.6 cm.
Weight: 6-6.5 tons. (Horner and Lessem, 1993, pg. 199) (Farlow et al., 1995) (Dave Smith, 1995)
Age: 25. (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, number 23)

Fun Fact: I FINALLY saw this specimen at the museum on 8/17/19, and it was a magnificent sight!

Notes: 
-Currie and Carpenter (1999) says that "Stan" and "Wankel Rex" are the same size (pg. 208).

-NMNH says that "Stan" is 40 feet long and weighed 6 tons. "Wankel Rex" is also said to have weighed 6-6.5 tons, so this also seems to conclude that "Wankel Rex" is 40 feet long.

Update (6/30/20): A replica of MOR's skull has been created by Master Replicas. It measures 58 inches (147.3 cm) long (also noted on Amazon, "Product Information"). However, it has also been given a length of 60 inches (Toynk.com) (Amazon). However, Toynk.com and Amazon have stated that the skull was made by Master Replicas, so Master Replicas' length of 58 inches is the correct length.

Therefore, based on "Stan's" skull, MOR 555 is 12.2 meters long:
147 - 147.3 = 0.3.
0.3/147*100 = 0.2% increase.
12.2 m + 0.2% = 12.2 meters.

MOR 555's Total Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

MOR 555's Stats:
Skull: 147.3 cm. (Master Replicas)
Femur: 130 cm. (Larson, 1994, pg. 142)
Tibia: 109.6 cm. (Also given a length of 109 cm in Larson, 1994, pg. 142)
Age: 25. (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 23)

Links:
Horner and Lessem (1993):
Larson (1994) (Page 142):
Farlow et al., (1995) (Pg. 715):
Theropod Database:
National Museums Scotland:
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):
https://peerj.com/articles/9192/
Hendrix (2019):
Orf (2014):
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
Horner and Padian (2004) (Pg. 1877):
National Museums Scotland:
Erickson et al., (2004) (pg. 773):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/lovejoy/Erickson-et-al_04_tyrannosaurid-growth.pdf
Science Daily (2004):
3. UWBM 99000 ("Tufts-Love Rex"):
The dentary is stated to be three feet long (Burke Museum, 12/1/2016):
Dentary:
Three feet is 91.4 cm.

The specimen is also said to have been 12.2 meters long (IFL Science, 2016) (Burke Museum, 8/17/2016), and the 91.4-cm length is consistent with "Stan's" 91-cm dentary.

"Stan":
Dentary: 91 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

91.4 - 91 = 0.4.
0.4/91*100 = 0.4% increase.
12.2 m + 0.4% = 12.3 meters.

It looks like this specimen was 40 feet after all. However, it was only 15 years old (IFL Science, 2016) (Burke Museum, 8/17/2016).

Age 18: 43 feet (13.1 meters)(?). (My Estimation)

UWBM 99000's Total Length: 40 feet (12.3 meters).
Age:15- 22. (IFL Science, 2016) (Burke Museum, 8/17/2016, "What We Know So Far") (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 13)

Link:
Dentary:
Burke Museum (12/1/2016):
https://www.burkemuseum.org/blog/part-t-rex-lower-jaw-emerges-teeth
Size and Age:
IFL Science (2016):
https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/brand-new-trex-fossil-significant-specimens-ever-found/
Burke Museum (8/17/2016) ("What We Know So Far"):
https://www.burkemuseum.org/news/burke-museum-team-discovers-t-rex
Specimen Name:
Deep Time Fossils:
https://www.deeptimefossils.com/product-page/tyrannosaurus-rex-scale-skull-replica
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

4. MB.R.91216 ("Tristan Otto"):
Maxilla:
Length: 77 cm. (Measured on 9/5/19)

"Stan":
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

77 - 76 = 1.
1/76*100 = 1.3% increase.
12.2 m + 1.3% = 12.4 meters.

MB.R.91216's Total Length: 41 feet (12.4 meters).
Maxilla: 77 cm.

Links:
Maxilla:
Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/Jje6ykt5jo3XMfPu7
Link:
https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/tyrannosaurus-rex-tristan-otto-left-dentary-with-malformation/qgEbwUZEa0zBrQ
Specimen's Name:
https://www.museumfuernaturkunde.berlin/en/museum/ausstellungen/tristan-otto
Link 2:
https://www.jpaleontologicaltechniques.org/pasta3/JPT%20N21/Pdf/JPT_n021_Dec.pdf

5. AMNH 5027:
AMNH was given the same weight as CM 9380 (8.0 tons) (Snively et al., 2018), and Larson (1994) gave it the same ilium length as CM 9380, so it looks like they were the same size.

However, Dalman (2013) shows AMNH's and "Stan's" mandibles (jaws). It looks like AMNH was slightly bigger than "Stan."

AMNH 5027's and BHI 3033's Mandibles (Dalman, 2013):
Update (8/27/19): Skull (Cast) (WitmerLab Dinosaur Skull Collection):
Dentary: 96.5 cm. (At best) (Measured on 9/4/19)
Update (3/13/21):
Dentary: 87.5 cm (at best).
Maxilla: *74.4 or 78.5 cm (at best).

BHI 3033:
Dentary (Complete): 91 cm.
Skull: 147.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

96.5 - 91 = 5.5.
5.5/91*100 = 6% increase.
12.2 m + 6% = 42 feet (12.9 meters).

Update (9/5/19): Skull picture from Carr and Williamson (2004) (Figure 19):
(Assuming the scale bar is 20 cm):
Maxilla: 78 cm.
Dentary: 93 cm.
Skull: 151 cm. (I got it one other time but I disregarded it)

If scale bar is 10 cm only, then the maxilla would have been 38 cm. That doesn't seem right. 78 cm sounds better.

"Stan":
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Dentary: 91 cm.
Skull: 147 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

Maxilla:
78 - 76 = 2.
2/76*100 = 2.6% increase.
12.2 m + 2.6% = 12.5 meters.

Update (3/13-18/21): Right Dentary (Cast) (WitmerLab Dinosaur Skull Collection) (Also used in Dalman, 2013) (Scale bar is 9 cm):
Length: 94 cm (at best) (got it twice).

"Stan":
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Dentary: 91 cm.
Skull: 147 cm.

91 - 94 = 3.
3/91*100 = 3.3% increase.
12.2 m + 3.3% = 41 feet (12.6 meters).
147 cm + 3.3% = 151.9 cm for the skull.
12.6 m - 3.3% = 12.2 meters for "Stan."

I guess AMNH 5027 is slightly bigger than "Stan" after all.

AMNH 5027's Total Length: 41 feet (12.6 meters).

AMNH 5027's Stats:
Dentary: 94 cm.
Skull: 151.9 cm.
Age: 21-23. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 17)

Links:
Skeleton Pic:
https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/saurischian-dinosaurs/tyrannosaurus-rex
Skull Pictures:
Carr and Williamson (2004) (Figure 19):
https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article/142/4/479/2632290
WitmerLab Dinosaur Skull Collection:
https://people.ohio.edu/witmerl/collections/Theropods/tyrannosaurus.htm
Skull:
https://people.ohio.edu/witmerl/collections/images/tyrannosaurus_AMNH_DSC_9634.JPG
Dentary (as used in Dalman, 2013):
https://people.ohio.edu/witmerl/collections/images/tyrannosaurus_AMNH_DSC_9311.JPG
Dalman (2013):
https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-54/issue-2/014.054.0202/New-Examples-of-Tyrannosaurus-rex-from-the-Lance-Formation-of/10.3374/014.054.0202.short
Mandible Pic:
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=x-raw-image%3A%2F%2F%2Fc317513e33323a7351d3485c45a8cdbabaf069f2cd8ee49521aa5318c7278b55&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioone.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.3374%2F014.054.0202&docid=S12hZlIxALu5sM&tbnid=czoyMz5RF8NpmM%3A&vet=1&w=1000&h=1315&source=sh%2Fx%2Fim
Pic 2:
https://zenodo.org/record/3897703#.YEuJJyVOmEc
Weight:
Snively et al., (2018):
https://peerj.com/preprints/27021.pdf
Peer-Reviewed: https://peerj.com/articles/6432/
Ilium:
Larson (1994) (pg. 142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Age:
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

6. HMNS 2006.1743.01/BHI 6230 ("Wyrex"):
This specimen had its tail bitten in half!

Femur: 132.7 cm. (Bell et al., 2017, Supplementary Materials)

BHI 3033 ("Stan"):
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

132.7 - 130.0 = 2.7.
2.7/130.0*100 = 2.1% increase.
12.2 m + 2.1% = 12.5 meters.

"Wyrex's" Total Length: 41 feet (12.5 meters) (with tail).
Femur: 132.7 cm. (Bell et al., 2017, Supplementary Materials)
Age: 18. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 13)

Links:
New Name:
Bell et al., (2017):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5493735/
Femur:
Bell et al., (2017) (Supplementary Materials):
https://figshare.com/articles/Supplementary_methods_specimen_descriptions_and_palaeoclimate_data_from_Tyrannosauroid_integument_reveals_conflicting_patterns_of_gigantism_and_feather_evolution/5074363
Tail, Hands, and Feet:
http://www.hmns.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/Large-Print-Labels-for-Morian-Hall-of-Paleontology.pdf
Hands and Feet:
https://blog.hmns.org/2012/05/why-you-should-care-about-wyrex-meet-his-groundbreaking-feet-and-say-hello-to-our-new-mascot/
Age:
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 13):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

7. "Hank":
Femur: 133.4 cm (52.5 inches).
Humerus: 35.6 cm.

"Wyrex":
Femur: 132.7 cm.
Body: 12.5 meters.

133.4 - 132.7 = 0.7.
0.7/132.7*100 = 0.5% increase.
12.5 m + 0.5% = 12.6 meters.

"Hank's" Total Length: 41 feet (12.6 meters).
Femur: 133.4 cm.
Humerus: 35.6 cm.

Link:
"Hank":
Femur:
http://www.prehistoricstore.com/item.php?item=716
http://www.angelfire.com/mi/dinosaurs/dinosaurs_trex.html#.XUs1graZP-Y
Humerus:
http://www.baystatereplicas2.com/product/tyrannosaurus-rex-humerus-720/
"Sue's" Femur:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 112, right femur, "A"):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
Encyclopedia.com (2001):
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tyrannosaurus-rex-named-sue
Black Hills Institute:
https://www.bhigr.com/pages/info/info_sue_2.htm
Worldwide Museum of Natural History:
http://www.wmnh.com/wmsue.htm
http://www.wmnh.com
"Tyrannosaurus Sue":
https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/servlet/DCARead?standardNo=0716740176&standardNoType=1&excerpt=true
Mazzetta et al., (2004) ("Abstract;" Pages 9-10, 12):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf

8. CM 9380/AMNH 973 (Holotype):
Femur: 130 cm. (Osborn, 1906) (Larson, 1994) (Paul, 1998, pg. 261)

"Stan" has the same femur length, so it looks like the holotype was 12.2 meters long.

Update (8/3/19): I was able to find a measurement of CM's femur in Weishampel et al., (2004) (p. 126):
Femur (Straight Side/Total Length): 136 cm. (Measured in Weishampel et al., 2004, pg. 126, "A," Cranial View) (Measured on 9/4/19 and 9/6/19)

Note: That is CM 9380's/AMNH 973's femur in Osborn (1917).

CM 9380's Femur (Osborn, 1917):
"Hank":
Femur: 133.4 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

136 - 133.4 = 2.6.
2.6/133.4*100 = 2% increase.
12.6 m + 2% = 42 feet (12.9 meters).

Maxilla from Hendrickx and Mateus (2014) (Figure 2) (Scale bar is 5 cm):
Length: 78.5 cm (also got it for B) (Measured on 3/18/21).

"Tristian Otto":
Maxilla: 77 cm.
Body: 12.4 meters.

77 - 78.5 = 1.5.
1.5/77*100 = 2% increase.
12.4 m + 2% =  42 feet (12.7 meters).

It looks like the holotype was 42 feet long wither way. I had no idea that this specimen was THAT big. I'll go with the femur length.

CM 9380's Total Length: 42 feet (12.9 meters).

CM 9380's Stats:
Femur: 136 cm.
Maxilla: 78.5 cm.
Age: 22. (Erickson et al., 2006, Supplementary Materials, p. 14).

Link:
Date of Discovery:
Osborn (1905):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1464//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B021a14.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Femur:
Weishampel et al., (2004) (pg. 126):
https://books.google.com/books?id=h4WRTHfTzXsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=neovenator+miwg+4199&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwivy66r7ILjAhVpmuAKHVHOBKIQ6AEIMjAB#v=onepage&q=tyrannosaurus&f=false
Date of Publication:
https://www.amazon.com/Dinosauria-David-B-Weishampel-ebook-dp-B0097G52TM/dp/B0097G52TM/ref=mt_kindle?_encoding=UTF8&me=&qid=

9. CM 79057 ("Samson"/"Z-Rex"):
This specimen was used to help create the bull T. rex in The Lost World Jurassic Park (Todd Ackerman, 1997). Despite its name, "Samson" was a female.

Larson and Carpenter (2008) and the Theropod Database give a femur length of 1.295 meters for "Samson's" femur, but the Theropod Database stated that Glut (2002) gave a femur length of 1.36 meters. This means that "Samson's' original femur length is 136 cm. I couldn't find a picture of the femur to measure myself, so I'll go with the original length.

Glut (2002) from the Theropod Database:
Picture 2:
Femur: 1.36 meters. (Glut, 2002; stated on the Theropod Database website)

Theropod Database also gave "Samson" a length of 12.6 meters and "Sue" 12.8 meters.

"Hank":
Femur: 133.4 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

136 - 133.4 = 2.6.
2.6/133.4*100 = 2% increase.
12.6 m + 2% = 42 feet (12.9 meters).

It looks like "Samson" actually was one foot shorter than "Sue" after all.

"Samson's"/"Z-Rex's" Total Length: 42 feet (12.9 meters).
Femur: 1.36 meters. (Glut, 2002; stated on the Theropod Database website)
Age: 23. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14)

Links:
Todd Ackerman (1997):
https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/19970610/News/306109962
Femur:
Glut (2002):
https://www.amazon.com/Dinosaurs-Encyclopedia-Supplement-Donald-Glut/dp/078641166X
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Larson, Peter and Carpenter, Kenneth. Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King. 2008. Pg. 122.
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=larson+and+carpenter+2008+tyrannosaurus&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEkrKx4YDfAhUk_4MKHazaCwUQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=samson&f=false
Specimen Name:
http://tyrannosauroideacentral.blogspot.com/2013/11/how-can-we-rescue-dinosaurs-from.html
Age:
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

10. LACM 23844:
Left Dentary (Slightly incomplete) (Molnar, 1991, Plate 12) (Scale bar is 10 cm):
2 (Lateral View):
Length:
-97 cm.
-99.5 cm (at best) (Remeasured on 3/21/21).
Dentary Tooth Row: 57 cm (at maximum).
*1 (Medial View):
Length: 101 cm (at best).
Dentary Tooth Row: 58 cm (at best).

Dentary seems to be incomplete on the "posteroventral angle" (pp. 154-155). The tooth row seems to support this on the medial side.

Dentary Length (Lateral View):
AMNH 5027:
Dentary: 94 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

99.5 - 94 = 5.5.
5.5/94*100 = 5.9% increase.
12.6 m + 5.9% = 44 feet (13.3 meters).

"Stan":
Dentary: 91 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

99.5 - 91 = 8.5.
8.5/91*100 = 9.3% increase.
12.2 m + 9.3% = 44 feet (13.3 meters).

Dentary Length (Medial):
Based on "Sue": 13.6 meters.

Dentary Tooth Row (Lateral View):
"Scotty":
Dentary Tooth Row: 57.3 cm.
Body: 14.1 m.

57 - 57.3 = 0.3.
0.3/57.3*100. = 0.5% decrease.
14.1 m - 0.5% = 46 feet (14.0 meters).

Dentary Tooth Row (Medial):
Based on MOR 980: 47 feet (14.3 meters).

Notes: 
-Gignac and Erickson (2017) gave LACM the largest skull length (136.5 cm) compared to "Sue" (127.5 cm) (Table 1).

-Carr (2020) gave LACM the same skull length (premaxilla-quadrate) as "Sue" and MOR 008 (140 cm) (Materials and Methods: Size, para. 1; Table 15).

LACM 23844's Total Length: 47 feet (14.3 meters).
Dentary (Incomplete): 101 cm (medial).
Dentary Tooth Row: 58 cm (medial).

Links:
LACM 23844:
Dentary:
Molnar (1991):
https://zenodo.org/record/3251815#.XU8SYLaZP-Y
Link 2:
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4987EAFFEDFF83C269FCFA784991B6
Maxilla:
Picture:
https://images.app.goo.gl/jzhWEexCMziW79TE8
Skull and Foot Pic:
http://www.donglutsdinosaurs.com/t-rex-skull-cast/
Pic:
https://zenodo.org/record/3360797#.XU8JBbaZOu4
Gignac and Erickson (2017):
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02161-w/tables/1
Carr (2020) (Materials and Methods: Size, para. 1; Table 15):

11. FMNH 2081/BHI 2033 ("Sue"):
The largest, most complete specimen of T. rex. However, just how large is she (If it's really a "she")?

Right Femur (Measured on 9/4-8/19):
Straight Side: 137.0 cm. (Surprisingly, the 137-cm length was stated in "A Tyrannosaurus Rex Named Sue," 2001)
Short side with femoral head: 135 cm.
Total Length (From femoral head to tip of longest side): 143 cm (at best). (Measured on 9/8/19 and 10/23/19)

Originally, her femur was listed as 138.0 cm (Larson, 1994, pg. 142) (Mazzetta et al., 2004). However, her femur was just stated as being 54 cm most of the time (BHIGR) (WMNH). 137.0 cm is 54 cm, and I measured it myself, so I'll go with my size estimate.

"Sue's" Right Femur (Brochu, 2003, pg. 112, "A," Posterior View). (Scale bar is 30 cm):
Now, let's see how large "Sue" is:

CM 9380 and "Samson/Z-Rex":
Femurs: 136 cm.
Bodies: 12.9 meters.

137 - 136 = 1.
1/136*100 = 0.7% increase.
12.9 m + 0.7% = 13.0 meters.

Update (9/8/19): Let's see how big she is with her total femur length:

136 - 143 = 7.
7/136*100 = 5.2% increase.
12.9 m + 5.2% = 45 feet (13.6 meters).

This sounds crazy, but "Sue' has been given 45 feet before (links down below).

Note (5/16/20): I decided to compare "Sue's" humerus to "Hank's," and see what I'd get.

"Hank":
Humerus: 35.6 cm.
Length: 12.6 meters.

"Sue":
Humerus: 39 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 97, right humerus, "A," Dorsal). (This length was also stated in Larson, 1994 and Larson and Carpenter, 2008)

39 - 35.6 = 3.4.
3.4/35.6*100 = 9.6% increase.
12.6 m + 9.6% = 45 feet (13.8 meters).

So either way, "Sue" is 45 feet long, but I'll go with the femur length.

My Skull Size Estimate:
LACM 23844:
Dentary: 97 cm.
Skull: 156.8 cm.
Body: 13.0 meters.

97 - 101 = 4.
4/97*100 = 4.1% increase.
156.8 cm + 4.1% = 163.2 cm.

FMNH 2081/BHI 2033's Total Length: 45 feet (13.6 meters).
Femur: 143 cm.
Skull: 163.2 cm.
Weight: 9.3 tons. (Persons IV et al., 2019)

"Sue's" Stats:
Right Dentary: 101.0 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 41, "C") (I got it twice on 8/20/19 and 8/21/19)
Right Dentary Tooth Row: 56 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 41, right dentary, D medial and C lateral).
Right Mandible (Jaw): 140.0 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 41, right jaw, "C") (8/20/19)
Right Maxilla: 86 cm. (Measured on 9/4/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 8, "A," Lateral View)
Right Femur (Measured on 9/4-8/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 112, "A," Posterior):
-Straight Side: 137 cm. (4th time) (Also stated in "A Tyrannosaurus Rex Named Sue," 2001)
-Short side with femoral head: 135 cm.
-Total Length (From femoral head to tip of longest side): 143 cm (at best). (Measured on 9/8/19 and 10/23/19)
-Right Femur Width: 20 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 112, "A")
Left Femur (Measured on 9/4/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 112, "E," Posterior):
-Straight Side/Total Length: 132 cm.
Skull:
-Right Side: 153 cm. (Measured on 9/4/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 12, "A") (Same as Larson, 1994) (Left size of skull is crushed [Brochu, 2003, pg. 6]).
-Based on dentary compared to LACM 23844: 163.2 meters.
Left Squamosal: 44 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 28, "B," Lateral)
Postorbital: (Measured on 9/8/19):
Top: 48 cm.
Top to Bottom: 49 cm.
Humerus:
Length: 39.0 cm.
Width (Large End): 14 cm wide.
(Both were measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 97, right humerus, "A," Dorsal) (Also in Larson, 1994 and Larson and Carpenter, 2008)
Pedal Phalanx IV-2: 14.0 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Pedal Phalanx II-2: 16.0 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Pedal Phalanx III-2: 16 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Right Pedal Phalanx IV-1: 16.0 cm. (Measured in Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Right Tibia: 124 cm. (Measured on 9/24/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 114, "A," Medial)
Right Fibula: 110 cm. (Measured twice on 9/24/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 116, "C," Lateral)
Left Scapula: 116 cm (Measured on 3/18/21 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 94 Figure 80 C).
Left Coracoid: 28 cm (Measured on 3/18/21 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 94 Figure 80 C).
Pubis: 132 cm. (Measured on 9/7/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 106) (I got it three times).
Weight: 9.3 tons (8,460 kg) (Persons IV et al., 2019)
Age: 28. (Erickson et al., 2004) (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 31; Table 14)

Links:
Femur:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 112, right femur, "A"):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
"A Tyrannosaurus Rex Named Sue." Encyclopedia.com (2001):
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tyrannosaurus-rex-named-sue
Larson (1994) (Page 139-142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Black Hills Institute:
https://www.bhigr.com/pages/info/info_sue_2.htm
Worldwide Museum of Natural History:
http://www.wmnh.com/wmsue.htm
http://www.wmnh.com
"Tyrannosaurus Sue":
https://www.worldcat.org/wcpa/servlet/DCARead?standardNo=0716740176&standardNoType=1&excerpt=true
Mazzetta et al., (2004) ("Abstract;" Pages 9-10, 12):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf
Skull:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 12, right side):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
Wolff et al., (2009):
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Tyrannosaurus-rex-FMNH-PR2081-Left-mandibular-ramus-exhibiting-multiple_fig5_26856421
Larson (1994) (Page 142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Lu et al., (2014) (Supplementary Materials):
https://media.nature.com/original/nature-assets/ncomms/2014/140507/ncomms4788/extref/ncomms4788-s1.pdf
Tibia:
Larson (1994) (Page 142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Mazzetta et al., (2004) ("Abstract;" Pages 9-10, 12):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/papers/Mazzetta-et-al_04_SA-dino-body-size.pdf
Humerus:
Larson (1994) (Page 142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Larson, Peter and Carpenter, Kenneth. Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King. 2008.
Pedal Phalanx:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 123) (The first set on the right, 2nd bone):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
Other Bone Measurements:
Brochu (2003):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
Weight:
Persons IV et al., (2019):
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24118
45 feet:
Enchanted Learning (1999):
https://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/dinosaurs/news/Trexolf.shtml
The Lantern (2001):
https://www.thelantern.com/2001/02/blast-from-the-far-past-cosi-to-host-dino-sue/
Kitsap Sun (2001):
https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2001/09-02/0007_kansas_museum_lands_dinosaur_foss.html
The Catholic Key (2001):
http://www.catholickey.com/index.php3?gif=news.gif&mode=view&issue=20010909&article_id=1762
CBS News (2004):
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/t-rex-giant-teen-growth-spurt/
Education World (2005):
https://www.educationworld.com/a_lesson/edit/edit0514.shtml
Rapid City Journal (2008):
https://rapidcityjournal.com/news/local/top-stories/famous-fossil-finds-way-back-to-faith/article_fde81c6c-2ebd-5865-a532-25f25eeb98f9.html
Science Daily (2009)(?):
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/02/090204112217.htm
Natural History Magazine (2009)(?):
https://www.naturalhistorymag.com/partner/when-ititanoboai-ruled-the-amazon
Travel Channel (No date):
https://www.travelchannel.com/interests/arts-and-culture/articles/the-secrets-of-sue-the-trex
Wynne Parry (2012):

12. RGM 792.000 ("Trix"):
I've noticed that "Trix" has been given the same measurements that "Sue" has:

"Sue":
Body Length: 12.5/13.0 ("Larson, 1994") (Ibrahim et al., 2014) to 13.0 meters (Brusatte et al., 2010) (Gignac and Erickson, 2017) (Reuters, 2017)
Skull: 1.50 meters. ("A Tyrannosaurus Rex Named Sue," 2001) (Field Museum, 2008)

"Trix":
Body Length: 12.5/13.0 (Business Wire, 2016) to 13.0 meters (Daily Mail, 2016).
Skull: 1.50 (Reims et al., 2016) to 2.0 meters. (TCT Magazine, 2017)

I think "Trix's" skull is the same length as 'Sue's," making her real body length 42 feet (12.8/13.0 meters) instead of 12.5 meters. Therefore, "Trix" and "Sue" were the same size.

Update (8/23/19): I've FINALLY found some of "Trix's" bones to measure!

Skull: 152.4 cm (60 inches) (Not including the partial dentary). (Measured on 8/25/19)
Maxilla: 33 inches (83.8 cm). (Measured on 5/10/20. Stop at the point under the lacrimal horn)

Trix's Skull:
Trix's Tibia:
Length: 119.5 cm. (Measured on 5/10/20).

"Sue":
Maxilla: 86 cm.
Skull: 163.2 cm.
Tibia: 124 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

Tibia:
119.5 - 124 = 4.5.
4.5/124*100 = 3.6% decrease.
13.6 m - 3.6% = 43 feet (13.1 meters).

Skull:
83.8 - 86 = 2.2.
2.2/86*100 = 2.6% decrease.
163.2 cm - 2.6% = 159 cm.

"Trix's" Total Length: 43 feet (13.1 meters).
Tibia: 119.5 cm.
Skull (Complete): 159 cm.
Maxilla: 83.8 cm.

Links:
"Trix:"
Skull:
Picture/Website:
https://science.naturalis.nl/en/about-us/news/museum/and-name-our-t-rex/
Reims et al., (2016):
https://www.ndt.net/article/wcndt2016/papers/fr2c4.pdf
TCT Magazine (2017):
https://www.tctmagazine.com/metrology-3d-scanning-imagine-inspection-news/tyrannosaurus-rex-skeleton-artec-3d-scanning-ultimaker/
Body:
2016:
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20160823006345/en/T.-rex-travelling-Netherlands
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-3844434/Meet-Trix-one-world-s-complete-female-T-Rex-skeletons-Fossil-goes-display-flying-Atlantic.html
2017:
https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=nl&u=https://natuurwijzer.naturalis.nl/leerobjecten/het-leven-van-t-rex-trix&prev=search
https://ibecomingdutch.wordpress.com/2017/03/10/t-rex-in-leiden/
2018:
https://phys.org/news/2018-06-rex-snarls-visitors-paris-botanical.html
https://www.mnhn.fr/en/visit/agenda/exposition/t-rex-paris
Catalogue name:
Schulp et al., (2015):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283072931_A_new_mature_and_pathologic_specimen_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex

-V2:
https://www.academia.edu/29682000/A_new_mature_and_pathologic_specimen_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Multigenerational_assemblage_of_Triceratops_from_the_Newcastle_Area_Wyoming_USA_View_project

"Sue":
Body:
Larson (1994) (pg. 139):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Ibrahim et al., (2014):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265553416_Semiaquatic_adaptations_in_a_giant_predatory_dinosaur
Brusatte et al., (2010)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/46288434_Tyrannosaur_Paleobiology_New_Research_on_Ancient_Exemplar_Organisms
Gignac and Erickson (2017):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435714/
Reuters (2017):
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-dinosaur-idUSKCN18D0WX
Skull:
"A Tyrannosaurus Rex Named Sue." Encyclopedia.com (2001):
https://www.encyclopedia.com/science/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/tyrannosaurus-rex-named-sue
Field Museum (2008):
https://www.fieldmuseum.org/sites/default/files/A%20T.%20rex%20Named%20Sue%20Exhibition%20Brief%202014.pdf

13. MOR 980 ("Peck's Rex," "Rigby Rex," "T.rex imperator"):
I had a hard time trying to come up with an accurate size for this specimen. It always seemed to be neck-and-neck with "Sue." When "Sue" was given 12.5/13.0 meters in length (Larson, 1994, pg. 142), MOR 980 was 12.4 meters long (DinoCasts.com). Then it was given 12.8/13.0 meters, along with "Sue" (Theropod Database). Then it was given 12.3 meters, alongside "Sue" (Deak and McKenzie, 2016) (Siebel Dinosaur Complex). Then paleontologist Peter Makovicky stated that both it, "Sue," and "Scotty" had the same femur widths (Chicago Tribune, 2019).

I tried to find a bone to measure MOR 980 against other T.rex specimens, but it was not easy. Here's what I got:

Humerus: 36.2 cm. (Larson and Carpenter, 2008).

Dentary (Pic. from SVP, 2018):
*Dentary Tooth Row: 58.0 cm (lateral view; up to the last tooth).
Note: "Sue's" is 56 cm (my measurement from Brochu, 2003, pg. 41, right dentary, D medial and C lateral).

"Sue":
Dentary Tooth Row: 56 cm (medial and lateral).
Body: 13.6 m.

58 - 56 = 2.
2/56*100 = 3.6% increase.
13.6 m + 3.6% = 46 feet (14.1 meters).

"Scotty":
Dentary Tooth Row (my measurement): 57.3 cm (medial).
Body: 14.1 meters.

Based on "Sue," tooth row length is usually the same in both lateral and medial views.

57.3 - 58 = 0.7.
0.7/57.3*100 = 1.2% increase.
14.1 m + 1.2% = 47 feet (14.3 meters).

*Pubes:
CM 9380: 1.25 meters. (Osborn, 1905) (Theropod Database)

132.0 - 125.0 = 7% increase.
12.2 m + 7% = 13.1 meters for MOR 980.

The only accurate bone that I can measure for this specimen are its pubes. Therefore, I'll go with that length.

Extra Notes:
-Gignac and Erickson (2017) gave MOR 980 a longer skull length (128.2 cm) than "Sue" (127.5 cm).

Update (8/26/19): I was able to come up with two measurements for MOR 980's humerus and incomplete dentary that I showed above:

Humerus (Cast In Black):
Length: 36.4 cm. (RMDRC paleo lab) (8/26/19)
Width: 11.5 cm. (RMDRC paleo lab) (8/26/19)

Dentary:
Incomplete Length: 85 cm.
My Estimated Complete Dentary Length: 98.5 cm. (I had to draw what I thought the missing portion of the dentary looked like)

Update (9/2/19): 
MOR 980:
Humerus: 36.4 cm.
*(?)Dentary: 98.5 cm. (My estimated total length)
(?)Body: 42 feet:
12.9 m (Compared to "Hank's" humerus)
*12.7 m (Compared to "Sue's" dentary)

Update 9/7/19: So after I got the 12.9-meter estimate for CM 9380, I remembered this picture I found of CM 9380's and MOR 980's skeletons:

MOR 980 (Left) and CM 9380 (Right):
Judging from this picture, MOR 980 would have to be the same size as "Sue" AT LEAST! Judging by this picture, it would have to have been a foot taller (and longer?) than CM 9380. Also, Gignac and Erickson (2017) gave MOR 980 a longer skull length (128.5 cm) than "Sue" (127.5). This would make MOR 980 0.8% longer than "Sue."

Also, Paleontologist Peter Makovicky said that MOR 980 has about the same femur width as "Sue" as well (Johnson, 2019). This means that MOR 980 would have weighed about the same as "Sue."

However, I want to have some kind of bone to measure. I don't really trust the "complete dentary length" that I gave earlier, so I'm going back to a nagging pain that's been stuck in my head for a long time now: the pubic bone length.

Pubis length:
1. 52 inches (132 cm) ("At least"). (Science Daily, 1997) (Los Angeles Times, 1997) (Theropod Database)
2. 52.4 inches (133 cm). (Mike Taylor, 2003) (Barnes-Svarney and Svarney, 1999/2010, p. 134) (Ebrary.net, 2014).

Since there are more (and recent) sources claiming the 133-cm length, I'll go with that length.

"Sue":
Pubis: 132 cm. (Measured on 9/7/19 in Brochu, 2003, pg. 106) (I got it three times)
Body: 13.6 meters.

133 - 132 = 1.
1/132*100 = 0.8% increase.
13.6 m + 0.8% = 45 feet (13.7 meters).

Welp, just like the skull length provided by Gignac and Erickson (2017), MOR 980 seems to have been 0.8% longer than "Sue..."

I've been trying my HARDEST to get a size estimate for this specimen, and I always come back to using its pubic bone length. I have to honestly come to the conclusion that perhaps MOR 980 was slightly longer than "Sue..."

One of the (perhaps) largest Mapusaurus specimen had a pubic bone shaft about 10% larger than the Giganotosaurus holotype specimen MUCPv-Ch 1's (Coria and Currie, 2006, pg. 101). That would make that Mapusaurus specimen 43 feet long (13.2 meters). Therefore, if that Mapusaurus specimen is considered to be that big based on its pubic bone shaft alone, then why not MOR 980?

I've been trying to slim down MOR 980, but then I remembered something: "Scotty" was once considered to have been smaller than "Sue," but now we know that she was bigger. Therefore, perhaps it's time to consider that maybe MOR 980 was also slightly longer than "Sue." However, "Sue" is clearly heavier than MOR 980.

MOR 980's Total Length: 45 feet (13.7 meters).

Update (3/19-6/19/21): The dentary tooth row length makes MOR 980 even bigger, so I'll go with that length.

MOR 980's Total Length: 47 feet (14.3 meters).
Dentary Tooth Row: 58 cm.

MOR 980's States:
Length: 47 feet (14.3 meters).
Dentary Tooth Row: 58 cm.
Age: 21-25. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 13) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 22)

Links:
Gignac and Erickson (2017):
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-02161-w/tables/1
Johnson (2019):
https://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/museums/ct-ent-largest-t-rex-scotty-sue-0329-story.html
Pubic Bone:
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Ebrary.net (2014):
https://ebrary.net/3948/history/dinosaur_sie
Mike Taylor (2003):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/dino/faq/s-size/predator/index.html
Barnes-Svarney and Svarney (1999/2010) (p. 134):
https://books.google.com/books?id=w7gYJZ6qQRcC&pg=PA134&lpg=PA134&dq=t.rex+pubic+bone+52.4+inches&source=bl&ots=oFqY-il5CK&sig=ACfU3U1z91QrrCIzmr1NLVxvyc9XAtFoIQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjN0tnei8DkAhXtzVkKHddOCRYQ6AEwEnoECAcQAQ#v=onepage&q=t.rex%20pubic%20bone%2052.4%20inches&f=false
Science Daily (1997):
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/1997/09/970917060320.htm
Los Angeles Times:
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-sep-21-mn-34603-story.html
Coria and Currie (2006) (pg. 101):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228655543_A_new_carcharodontosaurid_Dinosauria_Theropoda_from_the_Upper_Cretaceous_of_Argentina
Dentary:
Website: http://vertpaleo.org/2018-Annual-Meeting/Auction.aspx
Pic: https://goo.gl/images/UH8h7z
Osborn (1905):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1464//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B021a14.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
MOR 980 at 12.4 meters long:
DinoCasts.com:
http://www.dinocasts.com/prod_productDetails.asp?ProductId=204
Link 2:
http://dinolou.com/pecksrex2004.html
"Sue" as 12.5/13.0 meters long:
Larson (1994) (Page 142):
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20010028790.pdf
Both "Sue" and MOR 980 at 12.8/13.0 meters:
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Both "Sue" and MOR 980 at 12.3 meters:
Deak and McKenzie (2016):
https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:WZCU9eseMoUJ:https://gsa.confex.com/gsa/2016AM/webprogram/Handout/Paper279687/Hypothetical%2520Divergent%2520Evolution%2520of%2520Two%2520Apex%2520Predators%2520of%2520%25281%2529.pptx+&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safari
Siebel Dinosaur Complex:
https://www.museumoftherockies.org/exhibitions/current-exhibitions/siebel-dinosaur-complex
Humerus:
http://rmdrc.blogspot.com/2010/02/daspletosaurus-vs-t-rex.html
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

14. RSM 2523.8 ("Scotty"):
It's become kind of difficult to find an accurate size for this "Scotty," as of late. Originally, I gave her 40 feet (12.1 meters), based on her femur length, but it was kind of difficult to get an accurate length. This was due to how the photo of the femur was taken. Then I used her dentary (from Thomas Carr's blog), and I got 12.8/13.0 meters for "Scotty." Then it turns out that "Scotty" was way bigger than previously estimated.

A new paper came out examining her bones (Persons IV et al., 2019), giving more pre use estimates of her bones. Persons IV et al., (2019) gave her femur a length of 133.0-133.3 meters, compared to "Sue's" 132.1-cm femur from Brochu (2003). Unfortunately, I couldn't get an accurate estimate of the femur, so I looked at her dentary and right pedal phalanx IV-1.

"Scotty's" and "Sue's" Measurements (Persons IV et al., 2019):
"Scotty":
Right Pedal Phalanx IV-1:
18.4 cm. (Persons IV et al., 2019)
My Length: 23.5 cm (at best). (Measured on 9/24/19)
Dentary Tooth Row:
59.5 cm. (Persons IV et al., 2019)
My Length (Right Dentary): 57.3 cm. (Measured on 3/20/21 in Persons IV et al., 2019, right dentary, "B", medial)
Femur Width: 21.0 cm. (Persons IV et al., 2019) (The Guardian, 2019 reports a width of 20.3 cm)
Right Fibula: 120 cm. (Measured twice in Persons IV et al., 2019)

"Scotty's" Dentaries (I measured from the tip of the jaw to the 14th-marked alveoli):
"Scotty's" Right Fibula ("C") (All scale bars are 10 cm):
"Sue":
Right Pedal Phalanx IV-1: 16 cm (my measurement from Brochu, 2003).
Dentary Tooth Row:
58.5 cm. (Persons IV et al., 2019)
My Length (Right Dentary): 56 cm (Brochu, 2003, pg. 41, right dentary, "D," medial)
Femur Width: 20 cm. (Brochu, 2003, pg. 112, "A")
Right Fibula: 119.0 cm. (Brochu, 2003, pg. 116, right, "C")

Update (8/23/19): "Scotty" is larger than I thought! I had some trouble trying to get a length of her femur, but I've FINALLY found a good pick of her femur that gave me an accurate length. It's longer than 138 cm...

Femur (Cast) from the Royal Saskatchewan Museum's Twitter Page:
(I measured the top picture, not the drawing)

Lengths: 
140 cm (Straight side).
142.5 cm (Other side with femoral head).
148.5 cm (Total length from femoral head to tip of longest end). (Measured on 9/8/19)

I'm going to go with the 140-cm length.

"Sue":
Femur: 137 cm.
Body: 13.0 meters.

140 - 137 = 3.
3/137*100 = 2.2% increase.
13.0 m + 2.2% = 13.3 meters.

Update (9/8/19): I've decided to go with the total femur length.

"Sue":
Femur (Total Length): 143 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

148.5 - 143 = 5.5.
5.5/143*100 = 3.9% increase.
13.6 m + 3.9% = 46 feet (14.1 meters).

RSM 2523.8's Total Length: 46 feet (14.1 meters).
Femur Length: 148.5 cm.
Weight: 9.7 tons.
Age: 22-30+. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14) (Bharti, 2019) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 15)

Links:
Femur Picture:
Royal Saskatchewan Museum Twitter:
Persons IV et al., (2019):
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.24118?tracking_action=preview_click&r3_referer=wol&show_checkout=1
Abstract:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24118
Version 2:
https://www.gbif.org/species/159236947
43 feet ("13 meters"):
https://www.folio.ca/paleontologists-identify-biggest-tyrannosaurus-rex-ever-discovered/
http://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/news/2019/4/scotty-the-dinosaur-skeleton-which-is-a-contender-for-the-largest-t-rex-ever-568750
https://earthsky.org/earth/worlds-biggest-tyrannosaurus-rex
https://www.sciencealert.com/palaeontologists-have-discovered-the-biggest-t-rex-yet-and-it-s-been-through-a-lot
https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-largest-carnivorous-dinosaur-discovered-in-canada-/
https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2019/03/25/worlds-biggest-oldest-t-rex-skeleton-identified-in-canada
https://www.businessinsider.com/t-rex-discovered-in-canada-biggest-oldest-2019-3
https://newatlas.com/worlds-largest-tyrannosaurus-rex/58991/
http://www.sci-news.com/paleontology/scotty-tyrannosaurus-rex-07024.html
https://www.geek.com/news/paleontologists-report-worlds-biggest-tyrannosaurus-rex-1779727/
https://www.ctvnews.ca/canada/world-s-largest-tyrannosaurus-rex-scotty-unveiled-in-saskatchewan-1.4428084
Weight:
https://www.folio.ca/paleontologists-identify-biggest-tyrannosaurus-rex-ever-discovered/
https://earthsky.org/earth/worlds-biggest-tyrannosaurus-rex
https://www.sciencealert.com/palaeontologists-have-discovered-the-biggest-t-rex-yet-and-it-s-been-through-a-lot
https://www.iflscience.com/plants-and-animals/worlds-largest-carnivorous-dinosaur-discovered-in-canada-/
https://www.dailysabah.com/history/2019/03/25/worlds-biggest-oldest-t-rex-skeleton-identified-in-canada
Femur Width (8 inches/20.3 cm):
The Guardian (2019):
https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/canada/unearthed-t-rex-is-the-largest-known-specimen-and-its-from-saskatchewan-295584/
Brochu (2003):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):
Bharti (2019):
https://www.theguardian.pe.ca/news/canada/unearthed-t-rex-is-the-largest-known-specimen-and-its-from-saskatchewan-295584/
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf
Female:
CBC (2018):
https://www.cbc.ca/natureofthings/features/scotty-canadas-home-grown-tyrannosaurus-rex-is-actually-a-female

(?)15. TK-52760 (Cast/Digital Scan):
Length: 72 inches (182.9 cm). (BigBronze.com)

I heard about this skull about half a decade ago, but I passed it up thinking that it was artificially made. However, the description says that it's a bronze reproduction/digital scan of an actual T. rex skull, "made to look as realistic as possible."

Description of skull (Big Bronze):
"Sue":
Skull: 163.2 meters.
Body: 13.6 meters.

182.9 - 163.2 = 19.7.
19.7/163.2*100 = 12.1% increase.
13.6 m + 12.1% = 50 feet (15.3 meters).

There are a list of other specimens that this company has made bronze casts of (links down below), so I'm willing to believe that this skull was made using a digital scan of an actual fossil. Heck, for $19,895 dollars, this cast better have been a reproduction of a real T. rex fossil!

TK-52760's Total Length: 50 feet (15.3 meters).

Link:
BigBronze.com:
https://bigbronze.com/product/t-rex-skull-large/
Picture:
https://images.app.goo.gl/QRJGZNBD6TsTT7Dh8
Other Specimens:
Smilodon:
https://bigbronze.com/product/saber-toothed-tiger-skull-fossil-casting/
Bottle Nose Dolphin:
https://bigbronze.com/product/bronze-bottle-nose-dolphin-skull-fossil-marble-base/
African Lion:
https://bigbronze.com/product/bronze-african-lion-skull-fossil/

(?)16. 147-cm Skull (Cast): 
A cast of a T. rex skull discovered in the Hell Creek Formation of Jordan, Montana.

 Length: 58 inches (147 cm).

 "Stan" has the same skull length, with a body length of 12.2 meters. Therefore, I'll give this specimen the same body length.

147-cm Skull's Body Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters) (Based on "Stan).

Link:

(?)17. TE-076:
Skull: 56 inches (142.2 cm)(Theropoda Expedition)

"Stan":
Skull: 147 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

147 - 142.2 = 4.8.
4.8/147*100 = 3.3% decrease.
12.2 m - 3.3% = 39 feet (11.8 meters).

TE-076's Total Length: 39 feet (11.8 meters).
Skull: 142.2 cm.

Link:
Theropoda Expedition:
http://www.theropodaexpeditions.com/portfolios/te-076-tyrannosaurus-rex-skull-and-neck-mount/

(?)18. TE-077:
Left Dentary:
Length: 82.1 cm. (My measurement)

BHI 3033:
Dentary: 91.0 cm.
Skull: 147.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

Body:
91 - 82.1 = 8.9.
8.9/91*100 = 9.8% decrease.
12.2 m - 9.8% = 36 feet (11.0 meters).

Skull:
147 - 9.8% = 132.6 cm.

TE-077's Total Length: 36 feet (11.0 meters).
Skull: 132.6 cm.

Link:
Theropoda Expedition:
http://www.theropodaexpeditions.com/portfolios/te-077-pathologic-tyrannosaurus-rex-specimen/

(?)19. 19-Inch Humerus (Partial):
Length: 48.3 cm (19 inches at best) (incomplete).

"Sue":
Humerus: 39 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

48.3 - 39 = 9.3.
9.3/39*100 = 23.9% increase.
13.6 m + 23.9% = 53 feet (16.1 meters).

19-Inch Humerus' Total Length: 56 feet (16.9 meters).

Link:
https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/fossil-dinosaur-rex-humerus-montana-478255471
Picture:
https://images.app.goo.gl/gANBmwS6CjN41pF37

(?)20. T. rex Humerus (Bonhams #1023 or Lot 1148):
Length: 24 inches (60.96 or 61 cm).
Width (Large End): 17.8 cm (7 inches).

"Hank":
Humerus: 35.6 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

61 - 35.6 = 25.4.
25.4/35.6*100 = 71.4% increase.
12.6 m + 71.4% = 71 feet (21.6 meters).

"Sue":
Humerus:
Length: 39.0 cm.
Width (Large End): 14 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.
Weight: 9.3 tons.

61 - 39.0 = 22.
22/39*100 = 56.4% increase.
13.6 m + 56.4% = 70 feet (21.3 meters).

Now, according to the Bonhams website, this is a T. rex humerus. However, it's extremely long. I don't know if this is actually a T. rex humerus or a misidentified bone to another dinosaur, but Bonhams says that it belongs to a T.rex. I was also thinking that the bone was given a huge length by mistake. However, Bonhams gave an accurate length for "Stan's" skull (1.47 meters), so then the size of the humerus might not be a mistake.

I also compared it to "Jane's" humerus. "Jane" is a juvenile T. rex, so maybe the humerus belonged to a youngster. Perhaps T. rex humerus' shrunk as they matured. However, "Jane's" humerus was 28 cm long (Theropod Database), so it looks like this humerus belonged to an adult T. rex. Based on its size and width, this specimen would have been 70 feet long (21.3 meters) and weighed 11.8 tons, based on "Sue." This might be the largest specimen of T. rex ever! What's even better is that this is a humerus, not a toe bone. This size estimate is more plausible than measuring a toe bone.

We can even measure this specimen agains a "12.3-meter" "Sue":
61 - 39.0 = 22.
22/39*100 = 56.4% increase.
13.3 m + 56.4% = 63 feet (19.2 meters).

Either way, this specimen was GINORMOUS!

Bonhams #1023's Total Length: 70 feet (21.3 meters).

Links:
https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/17502/lot/1148/
Page 18:
https://images2.bonhams.com/original?src=Images/live/2013-10/23/S-21076-0-1.pdf
Bonhams' Measurement of "Stan's" Skull:
https://www.bonhams.com/auctions/19429/lot/1081/
BHI's Measurement of "Stan's" Skull:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=49&cat=2&page=1
Link 2:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=48&cat=2&page=1

21. MOR 1125 ("B. rex"):
Length: 115.5 cm. (Measured on 9/5/19)

This is a teenager, as stated in Perlman (2007) (p. 1). It was also pregnant (Laelaps/Switek, 2016)! Oh great, a teenage pregnancy...

BHI 3033:
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

130.0 - 115.5 = 14.5.
14.5/130*100 = 11.2% decrease.
12.2 m - 11.2% = 35 feet (10.8 meters).

MOR 1125's Total Size: 35 feet (10.8 meters).
Femur: 115.5 cm.
Age: 18-19. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 13) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 9)

Links:
Perlman (2007):
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/T-REX-TISSUE-OFFERS-EVOLUTION-INSIGHTS-2603263.php
Laelaps/Switek (2016):
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/phenomena/2016/03/16/its-a-girl-paleontologists-examine-pregnant-t-rex/
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

22. RTMP 81.12.1 (Formerly NMC 9950) ("Huxley Rex"):
Femur: 128.4 cm (Erickson et al., 2004).

BHI 3033:
Dentary: 94.0 cm.
Skull: 147.0 cm.
Maxilla: 79 cm.
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

128.4 - 130.0 cm = 1.6% decrease.
12.2 m - 1.6% = 12.0 meters.

Update (8/27/19-10/7/19): Tibiae: 118 cm. (Theropod Database)

"Sue":
Tibia: 124 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

118 - 124 = 6.
6/124*100 = 4.8% increase.
13.6 m - 4.8% = 43 feet (13.0 meters).

RTMP 81.12.1's Total Length: 43 feet (13.0 meters).
Age: 22. (Erickson et al., 2004) (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14)

Link:
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Osborn (1906):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1473/B022a16.pdf;jsessionid=A5E2CEC741C29C429F5CF67FEEF543BA?sequence=1
Erickson et al., (2004):
http://www.miketaylor.org.uk/tmp/lovejoy/Erickson-et-al_04_tyrannosaurid-growth.pdf
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

22. UCMP 118742:
(Picture from Paleofile):
Maxilla: 81.0 cm (Theropod Database)

BHI 3033:
Dentary: 94.0 cm.
Skull: 147.0 cm.
Maxilla: 79 cm.
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

79 - 81 = 2% increase.
12.2 m + 2% = 12.4 meters.

UCMP's Total Size: 41 feet (12.4 meters).

 Age: 16 years old (Erickson et al., 2006):
Estimated Adult Age: 43 feet (13.0 meters).
Age 18.

 Update (9/5-8/19): Maxilla measurements:
1. Molnar (1991): 71 cm. (Measured on 9/5/19)
2. Cast (WitmerLab) (On the left):
Length: 78 cm. (Measured on 9/5/19)

I'll go with the WitmerLab length.

MB.R.91216 ("Tristan Otto"):
Maxilla: 77.
Body: 12.4 meters.

77 - 78 = 1.
1/77*100 = 1.3% increase.
12.4 m + 1.3% = 12.6 meters.

Update (3/18/21): Maxilla from Porter and Witmer (2019) (Figure 6):
Length: 87.5 cm (Measured twice on 3/18/21 using 7 and 8 cm).

"Sue":
Maxilla: 86 cm.
Body: 13.6 m.

86 - 87.5 = 1.5.
1.5/86*100 = 1.7% increase.
13.6 m + 1.7% = 45 feet (13.8 meters).

I guess UCMP is slightly bigger than "Sue!"

 UCMP 118742's Total Length: 45 feet (13.8 meters).
Maxilla: 87.5 cm.
Age: 16-26. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg 13) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 26)

Links:
Porter and Witmer (2019):

https://anatomypubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/ar.24234

Figure 6:

https://images.app.goo.gl/Kf2DaqCEuqFDQAFG7

Paleofile:
http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Molnar (1991):
https://ucmpdb.berkeley.edu/cgi/ucmp_query2?admin=&query_src=ucmp_index&table=ucmp2&spec_id=V118742&one=T
Maxilla Picture:
https://calphotos.berkeley.edu/cgi/img_query?query_src=ucmp_index&enlarge=0000+0000+0411+1700
WitmerLab:
Picture:
https://images.app.goo.gl/FJwtK7rfM2YHse8m9
WitmerLab Twitter:
https://twitter.com/witmerlab/status/819986686516072448
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 13):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

23. MOR 008:
Skull (Picture from MOR's Twitter Page):
Gignac and Erickson (2017) gave a length of 116.2 cm for its skull, but Mickey Mortimer of the Theropod Database gave a length of 88 cm for its dentary. I'm going with that length.

Dentary: 88 cm. (Theropod Database)

BHI 3033:
Dentary: 94.0 cm.
Skull: 147.0 cm.
Maxilla: 79 cm.
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

91 - 88 = 3% decrease.
12.2. m - 3% = 39 feet (11.8/12.0 meters).

The reason why its skull looks so big is because it was incorrectly reconstructed (Theropod Database).

Update (8/11/19): I was FINALLY able to find some bones in the skull of MOR 008 that wasn't ruined by incorrect reconstruction! (Check this diagram of a Daspletosaurus skull to get a better idea of the skull bones that I measured: https://images.app.goo.gl/rRuUEUDLxPSK1r2R9)

1. Right Squamosal: 41 cm. (Molnar, 1991, Plate 2, Figure 2, Dorsal View)
2. Postorbital (Measured on 9/8/19):
Right (Plate 4, figure 1, Lateral View):
-Top: 28 cm. (I got it twice)
-Top to Bottom: 44 cm.
Left (Plate 4, figure 3, Lateral View):
-Top to Bottom: 38 cm.

"Sue":
Left Squamosal: 44 cm. (Brochu, 2003, pg. 28, "B")
Postorbital (Pg. 27) (Measured on 9/8/19):
Top: 48 cm.
Top to Bottom: 49 cm.
Skull: 163.2 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

Squamosal:
41 - 44 = 3. 
3/44*100 = 6.8% decrease.
13.6 m - 6.8% = 42 feet (12.7 meters) for the body.
163.2 - 6.8% = 152.1 cm for the skull.

 Postorbital:
Top:
28 - 48 = 20.
20/48*100 = 41.6% decrease.
13.6 m - 41.6% = 7.9 meters for the body.
163.2 - 41.6% = 95.3 cm for the skull.

*Top to Bottom:
44 - 49 = 5.
5/49*100 = 10.2% decrease.
13.6 m - 10.2% = 12.2 meters for the body.
163.2 - 10.2% = 146.6 cm for the skull.
"Stan's" Skull: 147 cm.
146.6 - 147 = 0.4.
0.4/147*100 = 0.3% decrease.
12.2 m - 0.3% = 40 feet (12.2 meters).

The body estimates from the squamosal gives a length of 12.7 meters, while the postorbital gives a length of 7.9-12.5 meters. The squamosal measurement for "Sue" was taken from the side, or lateral view. For MOR 008, it was the back or dorsal. The "top" postorbital measurement gives a laughable body size estimate of only 7.9 meters. Therefore, I'll go with the "top to bottom" body length estimate of the postorbital, which is 12.2 meters.

Update (3/22/21): 
I read Carr (2020) again, and he gave the same skull length (premaxilla-quadrate) to MOR 008 as he did to LACM 23844 and "Sue," which is 140 cm (Table 15). It seems that MOR 008 is the same size as "Sue."

Then after a week of digging, I found some old news articles on MOR 008. The skull is 80% authentic (Hermann, 2006, from Leahy on DML), and this is backed up by a drawing of the skull on 
Paleofile showing that the skull is actually pretty well preserved.

MOR 008 (Paleofile, "Tyrannosaurus"):
Therefore, the reconstructed skull doesn't seem to be so off, which is surprising. MOR 008 also has an atlas (vertebra bone) that is "Sue-sized" (Larson, 2008; in Larson and Carpenter, 2008).

However, I've decided to take another route: The reconstructed skull of MOR 008 is 59 inches (149.9 cm), compared to "Sue's" 55.4-inch (140.7 cm) skull (Hermann, 2006, from Leahy on DML) (Ryan, 2006). 


Skull:

-59 inches is 149.9 cm.

- 55.4 inches is 140.7 cm.


149.9 - 140.7 = 9.2.

9.2/140.7*100 = 6.5% increase.

*163.2 cm + 6.5% = 173.8 cm for skull.


Body:

13.6 m + 6.5% = 48 feet (14.5 m).


It seems that MOR 008 is larger than "Sue" after all.


MOR 008's Total Length: 48 feet (14.5 meters).
Skull: 173.8 cm.
Age: 22-26. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 27)

Links:
MOR's Twitter Page:

https://mobile.twitter.com/MuseumRockies/status/869699990645424128

Previous Pic:
https://twitter.com/morpaleo/status/1012818564565295104

Hermann (2006) (From Leahy on DML):

http://dml.cmnh.org/2006Apr/msg00205.html

Ryan (2006):

http://palaeoblog.blogspot.com/2006/04/new-biggest-t-rex-skull.html?m=1

Paleofile. "Tyrannosaurus":

http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Larson (2008) (In Larson and Carpenter, 2008):

http://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/html/A56387B0FF8B707DB0C4FF12944AF60F

Molnar (1991):
https://zenodo.org/record/3251815#.XU8SYLaZP-Y
Link 2:
http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E4987EAFFEDFF83C269FCFA784991B6
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Gignac and Erickson (2017):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435714/
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):
24. SDSM 12047 ("Mud Butte Rex"):
(Picture from Paleofile):
The skull is bent/crushed (Carpenter, 1991), so I'm going to measure its mandible.

SDSM 12047 Skull (Carpenter, 1991) (Scale bar is 10 cm):
Dentary Tooth Row: 56 cm. (Carpenter, 1991)
Dentary Length: 103 cm. (Carpenter, 1991) (I got it twice on 8/21/19 and once on *8/23/19*)
Mandible Length: 149 cm. (Carpenter, 1991) (I got it twice)
Maxilla (Crushed): 83 cm. (Carpenter, 1991) (I got it twice) (Accurately reconstructed, it might be longer than "Sue's" maxilla which is 86 cm)

"Sue":
Dentary: 101 cm.
Body: 13.6 cm.

103 - 101 = 2.
2/101*100 = 2% increase.
13.6 m + 2% = 46 feet (13.9 meters).

I could only get a length estimate of this specimen from Carpenter (1991). My only apprehension is that it's based on a drawing. But like I've said, this is the only way I could get a size estimate, so I'm going to go along with it.

SDSM 12047's Total Length: 46 feet (13.9 meters).
Age: 22-24. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 14) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 16)

Links:
Carpenter (1991):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/295458205_Variation_in_Tyrannosaurus_rex
Specimen Info:
https://sdaos.org/wp-content/uploads/pdfs/2010/249.pdf
Skull Picture:
http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (Pg. 14):
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf

25. NMMNH P-1013-1/NMMNH P-3698 ("Elephant Butte T. rex"):
This specimen of T-Rex was found in New Mexico. Supposedly, a left dentary comes from the 1.56-meter skull. "Sue's" skull is 1.53 meters long (Larson, 1994).

153.0 cm - 156.0 cm = 3% increase.
12.8 m + 3% = 43 feet (13.2 meters).

Now, I got 98.0 cm for the incomplete dentary (Larson and Carpenter, 2008, pg. 42) (Sullivan and Lucas, 2015, pg. 114). The complete dentary would probably have been 102 cm long, based on my best guess in trying to create the outline of the missing end. This is MY best guess though! "Sue's" skull is also 1.54 meters long.

NMMNH P-3698/"Elephant Butte T-Rex" from Sullivan and Lucas (2015) (pg. 114) ("B"):
NMMNH P-3698/"Elephant Butte T-Rex" in Larson and Carpenter (2008) (pg. 42):
Incomplete Dentary: 98 cm. (Measured from both Larson and Carpenter, 2008 and Sullivan and Lucas, 2015)
Complete Dentary (Estimated): 102 cm (at best). (Measured in Sullivan and Lucas, 2015) (I got it twice on 8/21/19)
Tooth Row Length: 75.5 cm (Measured on 3/20/21 from Larson and Carpenter, 2008).

"Sue":
Dentary: 101 cm.
Skull: 163.2 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

LACM 23844:
Dentary: 97 cm.
Body: 13.0 meters.

Incomplete Dentary:
"Sue":
101 - 98 = 3.
3/101*100 = 3% decrease.
13.6 m - 3% = 13.2 meters.

LACM 23844:
97 - 98 = 1.
1/97*100 = 1% increase.
13.0 m + 1% = 13.1 meters.*

Complete(?) Dentary:
"Sue":
101 - 102 = 1.
1/101*100 = 1% increase.
13.6 m + 1% = 13.7 meters.

Dentary Tooth Row:
"Sue":
56 - 75.5 = 19.5.
19.5/56*100 = 34.8% increase.
13.6 m + 34.8% = 60 feet (18.3 meters).
101 cm + 34.8% = (?)136.2-cm dentary.

MOR 980:
Dentary Tooth Row: 58 cm.
Body: 14.3 meters.

58 - 75.5 = 17.5.
17.5/58*100 = 30.2% increase.
14.1 m + 30.2% = 60 feet (18.4 meters).

Update (4/24/24):
Figure 3 (Dalman et al., 2024, Figure 3). Scale bare is 20 cm:
Dentary/tooth row length up to the 4th alveolus: 20.5 cm (at best) (Figure 3A).

"Sue":
Dentary/tooth row length up to 4th tooth: 18 cm (at best) (Brochu, 2003, p. 41, Figure 40D).
Body length: 13.6 m.

18 - 20.5 = 2.5.
2.5/18*100 = 13.9% increase.
13.6 m + 13.9% = 51 feet (15.5 meters).

Just to show how large this specimen was, here it is compared to another adult T. rex (Figure 4C). Scale bare is 20 cm:
NMMNH P-3698's Total Length (using dentary tooth row): 51 feet (15.5 meters).
Age: 24. (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 20)

Links:
Dalman et al., (2024):

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-47011-0

Sullivan and Lucas (2015) (Pg. 114):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/299592501_Cretaceous_vertebrates_of_New_Mexico
Larson and Carpenter (2008) (pg. 42):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=t.rex+celeste+rex+femur&source=bl&ots=089KX-0MNr&sig=ACfU3U0yOHbiAUuVKUshtBor_JS_CHxmrA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjehLDSuorjAhWwY98KHf6yDc0Q6AEwGnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=t.rex%20celeste%20rex%20femur&f=false
Specimen Info:
Link 1:
http://www.nmnaturalhistory.org/online-exhibits/new-mexico-tyrannosaur-state
Link 2:
https://dinoanimals.com/dinosaurs/huge-dinosaurs-youve-never-heard-of/
Link 3:
https://books.google.com/books?id=IJ9nBUq_hKkC&pg=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=tyrannosaurus+NMMNH+P-1013-1&source=bl&ots=Or9TzWUoGW&sig=6ujJededLcc1OSttWpn0mguvWMc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwie2orhvZnfAhVLmlkKHSIrAT4Q6AEwDXoECAYQAQ#v=onepage&q=tyrannosaurus%20NMMNH%20P-1013-1&f=false
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

26. MOR 690:
Humerus: 38.6 cm. (Measured in Lipkin and Carpenter, 2008, pg. 174, "E," Lateral)

MOR 690 Humerus (Lipkin and Carpenter, 2008, pg. 174):
"Sue":
Humerus: 39 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

39 - 38.6 = 0.4.
0.4/39*100 = 1% decrease.
13.6 m - 1% = 44 feet (13.5 meters).

MOR 690's Total Length: 44 feet (13.5 meters).

Link:
Lipkin and Carpenter (2008):
https://mafiadoc.com/looking-again-at-the-forelimb-of-tyrannosaurus-rex_5b087d1f8ead0ecb048b456e.html
Link 2:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/314895700_Looking_again_at_the_forelimbs_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex

27. BHI 4182 ("Foxy" or "County Rex"):
BHI 4182 info. (Larson and Carpenter, 2008, pg. 32):
Dentary: 91.0 cm (Theropod Database).

BHI 3033:
Dentary: 91.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

BHI 4182's Total Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

Link:
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Larson and Carpenter (2008) (Pg. 32):
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&pg=PA105&lpg=PA105&dq=t.rex+BHI+4182&source=bl&ots=08bQXWXKNt&sig=ACfU3U2X5kbzGYD10oZW7FkpjyFlO_O7SQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUi4DIxv3oAhUVgnIEHRUTA3QQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=BHI%204182&f=false

(?)28. 33-CM Humerus:
Length: 33 cm. (Earth's Treasures)

"Hank":
Humerus: 35.6 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

35.6 - 33 = 2.6.
2.6/35.6*100 = 7.3% decrease.
12.6 m - 7.3% = 11.7 meters.

"Sue":
Humerus: 39 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

33 - 39 = 6.
6/39*100 = 15.4% decrease.
13.6 m - 15.4% = 11.5 meters.

I'll go with the 11.7-meter estimate.

33-cm Humerus' Total Length: 38 feet (11.7 meters).

Link:
Earth's Treasures:
https://www.earthstreasures.co.nz/products/tyrannosaurus-rex-humerus-fossil
Picture:
https://images.app.goo.gl/P2gpYgmMBkPMU4iu9

29. UCMP 137538:
This specimen has a 13-cm pedal phalanx IV-2, according to Longrich et al., (2010).

UCMP's Pedal phalanx IV-2 (Longrich et al., 2010):
Brochu (2003) gave 11.1 cm for "Sue's" pedal phalanx IV-2 (pg. 138). Based on this, UCMP would have been 17.1% longer than "Sue":

13 - 11.1 = 1.9.
1.9/11.1*100 = 17.1% increase.
13.6 m + 17.1% = 52 feet (15.9 meters) for UCMP 137538.

However, I got 14 cm from Brochu (2003) (pg. 123).

"Sue":
Pedal Phalanx IV-2: 14 cm. (My estimate)
Body: 13.6 meters.

14 cm - 13 cm = 1.
1/14*100 = 7.1% decrease.
13.6 m - 7.1% = 12.6 meters.

Update (8/11/19-9/10/19): 
However, this wouldn't be fair to UCMP since I didn't measure its bone. Based on my measurement, UCMP's pedal phalanx is 18.4 cm (at best). (Measured on 9/10/19)

"Sue":
Pedal Phalanx IV-2: 14 cm.
Body: 13.6 meters.

14 - 18.4 = 4.4.
4.4/14*100 = 31.4% increase.
13.6 m + 31.4% = 59 feet (17.9 meters).

I've also heard some years ago that the scale bar is wrong. However, we have a solution:

14 cm + 17.1% = 16.4 cm for UCMP's Pedal phalanx IV-2.
13.6 m + 17.1% = 52 feet (15.9 meters) for UCMP 137538.

Perhaps UCMP 137538 might be bigger than "Sue" after all. However, this specimen is based only on a toe bone. I'll take its size estimate with a grain of salt.

UCMP 137538's Total Size: 52-59 feet (15.9-17.5 meters).

Links:
UCMP 137538 Pedal Phalanx IV-2:
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013419#pone-0013419-g002%20https://www.researchgate.net/figure/47545561_fig2_A1-A2-UCMP-137538-pedal-phalanx-in-dorsal-view-B1-B2-Pedal-phalanx-MOR-1126
"Sue's" Pedal Phalanx IV-2:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 123) (The first set on the left, 2nd bone):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull

30. MOR 1126 ("Celeste Rex") ("C. rex"):
Skeleton (Photo from Smith, 2000):
Named after Paleontologist Celeste Horner, this specimen is said to have been longer than "Sue" (Smith, 2000) (Celeste Horner Resume) (Hogard, 2000), and is estimated to have been 10-13 tons in weight (Hogard, 2000). However, the only bone that I could measure for this specimen was a toe bone provided in Longrich (2010). The bone didn't have a size given for it in the paper, so I had to measure it myself.

"Celeste Rex's" Pedal Phalanx II-2 (Longrich et al., 2010):
Length: 23.0 centimeters (My measurement).

Brochu (2003) gave 15.2 cm for "Sue's" pedal phalanx II-2 (pg. 138). However, I got 16 cm for it (Brochu, 2003) (pg. 123).

"Sue":
Pedal Phalanx II-2: 16 cm. (Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Body: 13.6 meters.

23 cm - 16 cm = 7.
7/16*100 = 43.8% increase.
13.6 m + 43.8% = 64 feet (19.6 meters).

I've been trying to find any other material on MOR 1126, but this is all that I can find. 19.6 meters does seem to be REALLY big, but then again we have a 61-cm humerus that leads to a 21.3-meter long T.rex, so nothing surprises me anymore... For now, MOR 1126 seems to be 19.6 meters long. The 10-13-meter weight estimate seems to have been accurate. Just like UCMP 137538, I'll take its size estimate with a grain of salt.

By the way, I'm starting to sense a pattern here that the largest specimens of T. rex, or any dinosaur for that matter, are based on fragmentary material.

MOR 1126's Total Length: 64 feet (19.6 meters).

Links:
Info. on Specimen:
Smith (2000):
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/sci/tech/965609.stm
Celeste Horner Resume:
http://celestehorner.com/resume.html
Sogard (2000):
https://www.factmonster.com/jack-horner
"Celeste Rex's" Pedal Phalanx II-2:
Longrich et al., (2010):
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0013419#pone-0013419-g002%20https://www.researchgate.net/figure/47545561_fig2_A1-A2-UCMP-137538-pedal-phalanx-in-dorsal-view-B1-B2-Pedal-phalanx-MOR-1126
"Sue's" Pedal Phalanx II-2:
Brochu (2003) (pg. 123) (The first set on the right, 2nd bone):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull

31. YPM VP 057488(B):
Pedal Phalanx III-2 (Dalman, 2013):
Length:
-12.5 cm (Dalman, 2013).
-17 cm. (My measurement) (C) (Remeasured on 3/14/21) using 5 cm.

"Sue":
Pedal Phalanx III-2: 16 cm. (My measurement from Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Body: 13.6 meters.

17 - 16 = 1.
1/16*100 = 6.3% increase.
13.6 m + 6.3% = 48 feet (14.5 meters).

This is just a toe bone so I'll treat it with... you know.
Pedal Phalanx II-2:
https://collections.peabody.yale.edu/search/Record/YPM-VP-057488
"Sue's" Pedal Phalanx III-2:
Brochu, Christopher. Osteology of Tyrannosaurus rex. 2003. Web.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249022959_Osteology_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Insights_from_a_Nearly_Complete_Skeleton_and_High-Resolution_Computed_Tomographic_Analysis_of_the_Skull

32. "Lee Rex"/"Tate T. rex":
(Photo from K2Radio):
Femur: 130.0 cm. (My measurement) (I got it twice) (Paul et al., 2022 mention a specimen named TMT v222 Lee, and give its femur a length of 129.5 cm [p. 6 Table 1]).

Both "Stan" and "Wankel Rex" had the same femur lengths, so I'll give "Lee Rex" the same body length of 12.2 meters.

"Lee Rex's" Total Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters) (Based on BHI 3033's and MOR 555's femur length).

Link:
K2Radio:
https://k2radio.com/tate-museum-announces-t-rex-discovery-photos/
Paul et al., (2022):

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11692-022-09561-5

V2:

https://zenodo.org/record/6323344#.Yio4YiVOmEc

33. BHI 6231: 
Humerus: 36.0 cm. (Larson and Carpenter, 2008):
"Hank":
Humerus: 35.6 cm.
Body: 12.6 meters.

36.0 cm - 35.6 cm = 0.4.
0.4/35.6*100 = 1.1% increase.
12.6 m + 1.1% = 42 feet (12.7 meters).

BHI 6231's Total Length: 42 feet (12.7 meters).

Link:
Peter Larson and Kenneth Carpenter, (2008). Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King.
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=t.rex+celeste+rex+femur&source=bl&ots=089KX-0MNr&sig=ACfU3U0yOHbiAUuVKUshtBor_JS_CHxmrA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjehLDSuorjAhWwY98KHf6yDc0Q6AEwGnoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=t.rex%20celeste%20rex%20femur&f=false

33. RTMP 81.6.1/TMP 1981.006.0001 ("Black Beauty"):
Femur: 121.0 cm. (Larson and Carpenter, 2008, pg. 122) (Theropod Database)

BHI 3033:
Femur: 130.0 cm.
Length: 40 feet (12.2 meters).

121.0 - 130.0 = 9.
9/130*100 = 6.9% decrease.
12.2 m - 6.9% = 37 feet (11.4 meters).

"Black Beauty's" Total Length: 37 feet (11.4 meters).
Age: 18. (Erickson et al., 2006, pg. 13) (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 10)

Links:
Larson, Peter and Carpenter, Kenneth. Tyrannosaurus rex, the Tyrant King. 2008. Pg. 122.
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=larson+and+carpenter+2008+tyrannosaurus&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEkrKx4YDfAhUk_4MKHazaCwUQ6AEIKjAA#v=onepage&q=samson&f=false
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Theodor and Furr (2009) (Figure 14):
https://www.researchgate.net/figure/TMP-19810060001-Tyrannosaurus-rex-Black-Beauty-Dramatically-lit-exhibit-with-high_fig8_228794583
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

34. BHI 4100 ("Duffy"):
Gignac and Erickson (2017) give a length of 111.5 cm (Table 1), but the BHIGR's website gives a length of 117 cm. I'll go with the BHI's length.

Skull Length: 117.0 cm. (BHI) (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 5)

BHI 3033:
Skull: 147 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

147.0 - 117.0 = 30.
30/147*100 = 20.4% decrease.
12.2 m - 20.4% = 32 feet (9.7 meters). (BHIGR Catalog, 2012 gave 33 feet/10.1 meters on pg. 5)

"Duffy's" Total Length: 32 feet (9.7 meters).

"Duffy" was a subadult (BHIGR Catalog, 2012, pg. 5). Erickson et al., (2006) said that it was 21 years old, making it an adult (Supplementary Materials, p. 14).

 BHI 4100's Total Length: 32 feet (9.7 meters).
Age 18: 33 feet (10.1 meters). (My estimate)

Links:
BHIGR:
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=55&cat=2&page=2
Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (P. 14):
Larson (2008; in Larson and Carpenter, 2008) (P. 51) (Name):

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Tyrannosaurus_Rex_the_Tyrant_King/5WH9RnfKco4C?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=T.+rex+Duffy&pg=PA430&printsec=frontcover

BHIGR Catalog (2012) (pg. 5):
http://www.bhigr.com/catalog/BHIGR-Catalog.pdf
Gignac and Erickson (2017):
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5435714/

35. UMNH 11000 (or UMNH.VP.11000):
This specimen was discovered in Utah. It consists of a cervical vertebrae, and fused postorbital and squamosal.

Cervical Vertebrae (From NHMU):
Postorbital and Squamosal (From NHMU):
Postorbital and Squamosal Length: 43.18 cm (17 inches). (NHMU)

Cervical Vertebrae (Measurements from NHMU):
Height: 30.5 cm (12 inches).
Length: 25.4 cm (10 inches).
Width: 12.7 cm (5 inches).

UMNH 11000's Skull in Paleofile:
Postorbital (Measured on 9/10/19 in Paleofile):
Top: 26 cm. (I got it twice)
Top to Bottom: 29 cm.

Squamosal (Measured on 9/10/19 in Paleofile):
Length: 22 cm. (I got it twice)

I'll go with the "top to bottom" measurement for the postorbital, like I did with MOR 008.

MOR 008:
Postorbital:
Top: 28 cm.
Top to Bottom: 44 cm.
Body: 12.5 meters.

Postorbital (Top to Bottom):
29 - 44 = 15.
15/44*100 = 34.1% decrease.
12.5 m - 31.8% = 28 feet (8.5 meters).

Update (6/30/20): Skull: 119 cm (at best). (Measured in Paleofile)

"Stan":
Skull: 147 cm.
Length: 12.2 meters.

147 - 119 = 28.
28/147*100 = 19.1% decrease.
12.2 m - 19.1% = 33 feet (9.9 meters).

UMNH 11000 (or UMNH.VP.11000)'s Total Length: 33 feet (9.9 meters).
Age: 26. (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 28)

Links:
Paper:
Sampson and Loewen (2005):
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1671/0272-4634(2005)025%5B0469:TRFTUC%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Bone Pictures and Lengths:
Postorbital and Squamosal:
NHMU:
https://nhmu.utah.edu/collections/tyrannosaurus-rex-postorbital-and-squamosal
Paleofile:
http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Cervical Vertebrae:
NHMU:
https://nhmu.utah.edu/collections/tyrannosaurus-rex-cervical-vertebra
Age:
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

36. BMNH R7794/(?)NHMUK R7994 (Formerly AMNH 5866/"Dynamosaurus imperiosus"):
Left Dentary (Osborne, 1906):
Based on the number of teeth on its dentary (13, same as CM 9380) (Osborn, 1906, pg. 286), and since its vertebra seems to be about the same length as CM 9380 (pg. 290) and was used in an initial reconstruction by L.M. Sterling in 1906 (pg. 297), I think this specimen seems to be 12.9 meters long, the same as CM 9380.

No dentary length was provided for this specimen. I thought it was 85 cm, but I think Osborn was just referring to CM 9380's dentary. So just to be safe, I'll give this specimen a length of 12.9 meters.

BMHN R7994's Total Size: 42 feet (12.9 meters)(?).

Update (12/26/19): Dentary from Dalman and Lucas (2017) (P. 24) (Scale bar is 5 cm):
Dentary Length:
-87 cm (Incomplete) (Measured in Dalman and Lucas, 2017, pg. 24).
-94 cm (Complete? [Estimated]) (Measured in Dalman and Lucas, 2017, pg. 24).
Dentary tooth row: 61.8 cm (at best) (Measured on 3/20/21).

"Stan":
Dentary: 91 cm.
Body: 12.2 meters.

Incomplete Dentary:
91 - 87 = 4.
4/91*100 = 4.4% decrease.
12.2 m - 4.4% = 38 feet (11.7 meters).

Complete(?) Dentary:
91 - 94 = 3.
3/91*100 = 3.3% increase.
12.2 m + 3.3% = 41 feet (12.6 meters).

Dentary Tooth Row:
MOR 980:
Dentary tooth row: 58 cm.
Body: 14.3 m.

58 - 61.8 = 3.8.
3.8/58*100 = 6.6% increase.
14.3 m + 6.6% = 50 feet (15.2 meters).

BMHN R7994's Total Size: 50 feet (15.2 meters).
(?)Age: 24. (Carr, 2020, Figure 12, Number 19)

Links:
Osborn (1906) (pg. 286, 290, and 297):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1473/B022a16.pdf;jsessionid=A5E2CEC741C29C429F5CF67FEEF543BA?sequence=1
Paleofile:
http://www.paleofile.com/Dinosaurs/Theropods/Tyrannosaurus.asp
Specimen Name Change:
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex
Original Publication:
Osborn (1905):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1464//v2/dspace/ingest/pdfSource/bul/B021a14.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Dalman and Lucas (2017) (pg. 24):
https://www.dinosaur.pref.fukui.jp/archive/memoir/memoir016-017.pdf
Carr (2020) (Figure 12):

37. MNH 3982 (previously "Manospondylus gigas"):
(Picture from Osborn, 1917, pg. 762):
Ninth Cervical Centrum (Stated in Theropod Database):
Antero-posterior Length: 9.0 cm. (Cope, 1892) (Osborn, 1917, pg. 762) (Theropod Database)
Transverse Width: 20.0 cm. (Cope, 1892) (Osborn, 1917, pg. 762)

BMNH R7794's Ninth Cervical Centrum:
Antero-posterior Length: 10.0 cm. (Osborn, 1906) (Osborn, 1917, pg. 762)
Transverse Width: 17.5 cm. (Osborn, 1906)
Length: 12.9 meters.

Antero-Posterior Length (Body Length):
10.0 - 9.0 = 1.
1/10*100 = 10% decrease.
12.9 m - 10% = 38 feet (11.6 meters).

Transverse Width (Weight):
20.0 - 17.5 = 2.5.
2.5/17.5*100 = 14.3% increase.

It seems that MNH was smaller than BMNH in length, but would have been heavier.

AMNH 3982's Total Length: 38 feet (11.6 meters).

Links:
Cope (1892):
https://www.gbif.org/species/8482176
Osborn (1917):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/1334
Theropod Database:
http://theropoddatabase.com/Tyrannosauroidea.html#Tyrannosaurusrex

38. TMP 1981.000.0028:
Femur: 131 cm. (Peecook and Sidor, 2015, Table 1)

"Stan":
Femur: 130 cm.
Body: 12.2 cm.

131 - 130 = 1.
1/130*100 = 0.8% increase.
12.2 m + 0.8% = 40 feet (12.3 meters).

TMP 1981.000.0028's Total Length: 40 feet (12.3 meters).

Link:
Peecook and Sidor (2015) (Table 1):
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0127792

39. CM 9401:
One of two specimens that came from the Campanian.

Lacrimal Length:
-(Height): 33 cm. (Urban and Lamanna, 2006, Table 1)
My Lengths (Measured on 6/28/20 in Urban and Lamanna, 2006, Figure 2, A):
-*35 cm. (Single side)
-39.5 cm. (Both sides)

CM 9380:
Lacrimal/Prefrontal:
-(Vertical): 35 cm. (Osborn, 1906, pg. 285)
-Height: 27 cm. (Urban and Lamanna, 2006, Table 1)
-*My Length: 36 cm (single side). (Measured on 6/28/20 in Urban and Lamanna, 2006, Figure 2, B)
Body Length: 12.9 meters.

Vertical length/single side:
36 - 35 = 1.
1/36*100 = 2.8% increase.
12.9 m - 2.8% = 41 feet (12.5 meters).

Links:
Urban and Lamanna (2006) (Figure 2, B):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/270582382_Evidence_of_a_giant_tyrannosaurid_Dinosauria_Theropoda_from_the_Upper_Cretaceous_Campanian_of_Montana
Osborn (1906) (Pg. 285):
http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/bitstream/handle/2246/1473/B022a16.pdf;jsessionid=A5E2CEC741C29C429F5CF67FEEF543BA?sequence=1

(?)40. 23-cm Pes Claw:
Stan:
Length: 12.2 meters.
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Foot: 91 cm.
Arm: 51 cm.
Manus claw: 4” (10 cm).
Pes Claw: 7” (18 cm).

 18 - 23 = 5.
5/18*100 = 27.8% increase.
12.2 m + 27.8% = 51 feet (15.6 meters).

Links: 
Dinosaur Corporation:
https://www.dinosaurcorporation.com/trexclaw.html
Etsy:
https://www.etsy.com/listing/467512082/tyrannosaurus-rex-dinosaur-claw-massive?gpla=1&gao=1&&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=shopping_us_b-art_and_collectibles-sculpture-other&utm_custom1=d13ce05d-9d24-496d-a956-a8ec16bd043a&utm_content=go_2063076950_76452857455_367965823881_pla-354542145511_c__467512082&utm_custom2=2063076950&gclid=Cj0KCQjwoub3BRC6ARIsABGhnyY4JQdViELeroMtzk1k4bKZ70Ja28i-xt1__Z0yB-qItZWHeBKJH0gaAkeDEALw_wcB
Stan:
Manus Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=58
Pes: Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=54

(?)41. 14.5-cm Thumb Claw:
Stan:
Length: 12.2 meters.
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Foot: 91 cm.
Arm: 51 cm.
Manus claw: 4” (10 cm).
Pes Claw: 7” (18 cm).

 10 - 14.5 = 4.5.
4.5/10*100 = 45% increase.
12.2 m + 45% = 58 feet (17.7 meters).

Links:
The Prehistoric Store: 
https://www.theprehistoricstore.com/products/tyrannosaurus-rex-life-size-thumb-claw-replica?pr_prod_strat=copurchase&pr_rec_pid=1514670784547&pr_ref_pid=1339286323235&pr_seq=uniform
Stan:
Manus Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=58
Pes: Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=54

(?)42. 9.5-inch Foot Claw (24.1 cm):
Stan:
Length: 12.2 meters.
Maxilla: 76 cm.
Foot: 91 cm.
Arm: 51 cm.
Manus claw: 4” (10 cm).
Pes Claw: 7” (18 cm).

18 - 24.1 = 6.1.
6.1/18*100 = 33.9% increase.
12.2 m + 33.9% = 54 feet (16.3 meters).

Links:
The Prehistoric Store:
https://www.theprehistoricstore.com/products/tyrannosaurus-rex-life-size-toe-claw-replica?pr_prod_strat=copurchase&pr_rec_pid=1653036777507&pr_ref_pid=1339286323235&pr_seq=uniform
Stan:
Manus Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=58
Pes: Claw: 
http://www.bhigr.com/store/product.php?productid=54

43. YPM VP 057488(A):
Pedal Phalanx II-2: 16.5 cm (Dalman, 2013):
Figure 5 (Actual Bone):
My Length: 23.5 cm (C/dorsal view) using 5 cm. Replicated in A on 10/4/24.

"Sue":
Pedal Phalanx II-2:
-15.2 cm (Brochu, 2003, p. 138).
-16 cm (my measurement). (Brochu, 2003, pg. 123)
Body: 13.6 meters.

Published measurements:
15.2 - 16.5 = 1.3.
1.3/15.2*100 = 8.6% increase.
13.6 m + 8.6% = 49 feet (14.8 meters).

My measurements (part 1):
16 - 16.5 = 0.5.
0.5/16*100 = 3.1% increase.
13.6 m + 3.1% = 46 feet (14.0 meters).

My measurements (part 2):
23.5 - 16 = 7.5.
7.5/16*100 = 46.9% increase.
13.6 m + 46.9% = 66 feet (20.0 meters).

Update (10/4/24):
Dalman (2013) said that YPM VP 057488(A) and YPM VP 057488(B) were found "isolated," but they were both found in "Buck Creek of Wyoming." I don't know if these two bones belong to separate individuals, or to the same individual. They both belong on the same foot (left), so maybe they're from the same individual. Therefore, YPM VP 057488(B) is anywhere from 48-66 feet long.


(?)44. "Baby Bob": 

"Baby Bob" Dentary (Deak and McKenzie, 2016, slide 12):

Dentary with tooth sockets showing (Keblog):

Skull length (Detrich Fossil Co's Twitter post):

Femur and Tibia (Peter Larson's Twitter post):

"Baby Bob's" age (Michael Deak's Twitter post):

Age: 4 (maybe 5) (Baby) (Michael Deak's Twitter post) (Deak and McKenzie, 2016, slide 12).

Dentary:
-Tooth count: 12.
Mandible/Dentary: 55.9 cm (22 inches). 
Skull: 53.3 cm (21 inches).
Femur: 64.5 cm.
Tibia: 65 cm.


Size estimate:

Ceratosaurus nasicornis Holotype:
Femur: 62.0 cm.
Length: 19 feet (5.8 meters).

64.5 - 62 = 2.5.
2.5/62 * 100 = 4% increase.
5.8 m + 4% = 20 feet (6.0 meters). 


Links:
Dentary and tooth count info.:
Deak and McKenzie (2016) (Slide 12):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309340780_HYPOTHETICAL_DIVERGENT_EVOLUTION_OF_TWO_APEX_PREDATORS_FROM_THE_HELL_CREEK_FORMATION_NANOTYRANNUS_LANCENSIS_AND_TYRANNOSAURUS_REX

Dalman (pers. comm.).
Keblog:

https://www.keblog.it/fossili-t-rex-cucciolo-in-vendita-su-ebay/

Skull Length:
Detrich Fossil Co Twitter post:

https://mobile.twitter.com/kingfossil/status/1121904029095866370

Femur and Tibia pic:
Peter Larson's Twitter post:
https://mobile.twitter.com/PeteLarsonTrex/status/1226656066177523717
Age:

Deak and McKenzie (2016) (Slide 12):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309340780_HYPOTHETICAL_DIVERGENT_EVOLUTION_OF_TWO_APEX_PREDATORS_FROM_THE_HELL_CREEK_FORMATION_NANOTYRANNUS_LANCENSIS_AND_TYRANNOSAURUS_REX

Michael Deak's Twitter post:

https://twitter.com/deak_michael/status/1075732456412774401


45. BHI 6439:

Dentary length (pic. given to me from Dalman):

Nanotyrannus "Jane's" (top) and T. rex BHI 6439's (bottom's) dentaries (interior) (photo from Peter Larson's Twitter page):

Note: Interior groove covers the first two teeth/alveoli on BHI 6439's dentary, and in T. rex overall. "Jane's" only covers the first alveoli (Dalman, pers. comm.) (Dalman and Lucas, 2016, p. 23).


Top view (pic. provided by Dalman):

Age: Between 4 and 14 (estimated) (Juvenile) (Dentary and tooth row are the same size as "Jane's").
Dentary (incomplete):
-Tooth row length: 33 cm (Measured on 2/12/22).
-Tooth count: 13.


Size estimation:

T. rex specimen "Sue":
Dentary tooth row length: 56 cm.
Body length: 13.6 meters.


56 - 33 = 23.
23/56*100 = 41.1% decrease.
13.6 m - 41.1% = 26 feet (8.0 meters).


Dryptosaurus specimen "Jane":
Dentary: 
-Length: 52 cm (Measured in Brusatte et al., 2010 on 5/20/22).

-Tooth row length: 31.5 cm (Measured on 2/12/22 in pic from Dalman).

Skull: 77.7 cm (Measured in Brusatte et al., 2010 on 8/28/21).

Body Length: 22 feet (6.7 meters).


Dentary tooth row:
33 - 31.5 = 1.5.
1.5/31.5*100 = 4.8% increase.
6.7 m + 4.8% = 23 feet (7.0 meters).
52 cm + 4.8% = 54.5 cm for the dentary.
77.7 cm + 4.8% = 81.4 cm for the skull.


BHI 6439's Stats:
Dentary:
-Length: 54.5 cm.
-Tooth row length: 33 cm.
-13 alveoli.
Skull: 81.4 cm.
Body length: 23 feet (7.0 meters).


Links:

Dalman (pers. comm.).
Peter Larson's Twitter post:

https://twitter.com/PeteLarsonTrex/status/974329880707063810


46. "Tinker":

"Tinker's" Dentary (photo belongs to Dalman) (Measuring tape is presumably in inches):

Age: 14 (Juvenile) (Erickson et al., 2006, Supplementary Materials, p. 13).
Dentary:
-Length: 82.6 cm (32.5 inches) (at best) (Measured on 11/21/21).
-Tooth count: 12.

Size estimation:
"Jane":
Dentary: 
-Length: 57 cm (Measured in Brusatte et al., 2010 on 8/28/21).
-Tooth row length: 31.5 cm (Measured on 2/12/22).
-Tooth count: 12 (visible).
Skull: 77.7 cm (Measured in Brusatte et al., 2010 on 8/28/21).

Body Length: 22 feet (6.7 meters).


Dentary:
82.6 - 57 = 25.6.
25.6/57*100 = 44.9% increase.
6.7 m + 44.9% = 9.7 meters.

BHI 6439:
Dentary:
-Length: 54.5 cm.
-Tooth row length: 31.5 cm.
Skull: 81.4 cm.
Body length: 23 feet (7.0 meters).


82.6 - 54.5 = 28.1.
28.1/54.5*100 = 51.6% increase.
7.0 m + 51.6% = 35 feet (10.6 meters).
81.4 cm + 38.4% = 123.4 cm for the Skull.

"Tinker's" Stats:
Body length: 35 feet (10.6 meters).
Dentary length: 82.6 cm (32.5 inches) (at best).
Skull length: 123.4 cm.


Links:

Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (P. 13):

Sebastian Dalman (pers. comm.).


47. LACM 23845:
LACM 23845's preserved skull bones drawing (Olshevsky, 1995, p. 3):

Age: 14 (Juvenile) (Based on femur and tibia being the same length, as seen in "Baby Bob") (14-16 in total based on Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1, and Carr, 2020).


Note: Skull, femur, tibia, and fibula lengths come from multiple different sources, so I'll have to measure the fibula to get an accurate skull length estimate.


My Measurements:
Fibula: 88 cm (at best) (Measured on 11/21/21 in Molnar, 1980, p. 106) (Molnar, 1980, p. 107 says that the skull is the same size as the fibula).

LACM 23845's fibula (Molnar, 1980, p. 106). Scale bar is 10 cm:

Other measurements given:
Femur: 98.9 cm (Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1).
Tibia: 98.9 cm (Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1).
Note: The femur and tibia are the same size (Persons and Currie, 2016, p. 6 Table 2).
Skull: 90 cm (Paul, 1988, pp. 333-334).
Femur:
-98.9 cm (Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1).
-82.5 cm (Persons and Currie, 2016, p. 6 Table 2).
Tibia: 82.5 cm (with a 82.5-cm femur) (Persons and Currie, 2016, p. 6 Table 2).

Size estimate:
Fibula:
Daspletosaurus torosus TMP.2001.036.0001:
Femur: 98.7 cm.
Length: 30 feet (9.2 meters).

98.9 - 98.7 = 0.2.
0.2/98.7 * 100 = 0.2% increase.
9.2 m + 0.2% = 30 feet (9.2 meters).

Allosaurus USNM 4734:
Fibula: 62.3 cm. 
Body length: 7.9 meters.

88 - 62.3 = 25.7.
25.7/62.3*100 = 41.3% increase.
7.9 m + 41.3% = 11.1 meters.

T. rex specimen "Sue":
Fibula Length: 110.0 cm.
Body Length: 13.6 meters.

110 - 88 = 22.
22/110*100 = 20% decrease.
13.6 m - 20% = 36 feet (10.9 meters).
143 cm - 20% = 114.4 cm for femur and tibia.


T. rex specimen TCM 2001.90.1 (originally ICM) ("Bucky"):
Femur: 116.8 cm.
Body: 10.8 meters.


116.8 - 114.4 = 2.4.

2.4/116.8*100 = 2.1% decrease.

10.8 m - 2.1% = 35 feet (10.6 meters).


Skull:

T. rex specimen "Duffy":

Skull: 117 cm.
Body: 9.7 m.


117 cm - 88 cm = 29.
29/117*100 = 24.8% decrease.
9.7 m - 24.8% = 24 feet (7.3 meters).


Longrich and Saitta (2023) (preprint) said that LACM's skull was "about 12% larger" than the skull of the "Nanotyrannus" (cf. Dryptosaurus) specimen "Jane." They said its skull length was 80 cm (p. 26). This fits well with the 88-cm length I've obtained for it. The authors also stated that the specimen also comparable in size to the larger "Nanotyrannus" (cf. Dryptosaurus) specimens (I'm assuming they mean "Jane" and "Petey") (p. 28).


LACM 23845's Stats:
Age: 14.
Skull and Fibula: 88 cm.
Body Length: 24 feet (7.3 meters).


Links:
Molnar (1980):
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1304167
Paul (1988) (pp. 333 and 334):
https://archive.org/details/g.s.paul1988predatorydinosaursoftheworld/page/n338/mode/1up
Olshevsky (1995):
https://zenodo.org/record/1038228#.YT875SUpCEe
Erickson et al., (2004) (P. 774):
http://webpages.math.luc.edu/~ebalderama/bayes_resources/mt/nature02699.pdf
Persons and Currie (2016):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/292188989_An_approach_to_scoring_cursorial_limb_proportions_in_carnivorous_dinosaurs_and_an_attempt_to_account_for_allometry

Carr (2020):
https://peerj.com/articles/9192/
Longrich and Saitta (2023) (Preprint):

https://osf.io/preprints/paleorxiv/nc6tk/?fbclid=IwAR3_YkPSpKBQXk5Aiff0sJRKsl59dIqqO5DXveSjV-tx24Vs6ZLuRZdcaHs


48. MOR 009:
Age: 10-15 (Juvenile) (11-19 in total from Padian and Horner, 2004, p. 1876 Table 1 and p. 1877, and Erickson et al., 2006, Supplementary Materials, p. 13).

Femur: 110 cm (Persons IV et al., 2019, p. 669 Table 1).
Tibia: 110.5 cm (Persons IV et al., 2019, p. 669 Table 1).


Size:
Acrocanthosaurus Holotype OMNH 10143:

Femur: 115.3 cm.
Body Length: 35 feet (10.7 meters).


115.3 - 110 = 5.3.
5.3/115.3*100 = 4.6% increase.
10.7 m - 4.6% = 34 feet (10.2 meters).


Links:
Persons IV et al., (2019):
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ar.24118?tracking_action=preview_click&r3_referer=wol&show_checkout=1
Link 2:
https://www.gbif.org/species/159236947
Abstract:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ar.24118
Padian and Horner (2004) (P. 1876 Table 1):

https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.515.6451&rep=rep1&type=pdf
Link 2:

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/8364874_Age_and_growth_dynamics_of_Tyrannosaurus_rex

Erickson et al., (2006) (Supplementary Materials) (P. 13):


49. USNM 6183:
Specimen's femur and tibia lengths (Gilmore, 1920, p. 122):

Age: 17 (Subadult) (Erickson et al., 2006, Supplementary Materials, p. 13).
Femur: 104.0 cm.
Tibia: 91 cm.

LACM 23845:
Femur: 98.9 cm.
Body: 30 feet (9.2 meters).

Size estimation:
104.0 - 98.9 = 5.1.
5.1/98.9*100 = 5.2% increase.
9.2 m + 5.2% = 32 feet (9.7 meters).

Suchomimus:
Femur: 107.5 cm.
Body: 10.0 meters.

107.5 - 104 = 3.5.

3.5/107.5*100 = 3.3% decrease.
10.0 m - 3.3% = 32 feet (9.7 meters).


Link:
Gilmore (1920) (P. 122):

https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/125786#page/140/mode/1up

Erickson et al., (2006):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6944402_Tyrannosaur_Life_Tables_An_Example_of_Nonavian_Dinosaur_Population_Biology

Supplementary Materials (P. 13):

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/suppl/2006/07/11/313.5784.213.DC1/Erickson.SOM.pdf


50. UCRC-PV 1:

UCRC-PV 1's arm (photo from Peter Larson's Twitter page):

Hand (Fran Vidakovic's Twitter post). Scale bar is 10 cm:
Manual ungual 2 claw (Fran Vidakovic's Twitter post):

Age: Baby (Subadult was given by Larson on Twitter, but my measurement places the specimen at being a meter longer than BHI 6439, so I'm placing it as a baby. The length of manual phalanx 1-1 backs this up too when compared to the subadult "Bucky").
Manual phalanx 1-1: 6.8 cm (at best) (Measured on 11/20/21).


Size estimation:
"Bucky":
Manual phalanx 1-1: 9.2 cm (at best).
Length: 35 feet (10.8 meters).


9.2 - 6.8 = 2.4.
2.4/9.2*100 = 26.1% decrease.
10.8 m - 26.1% = 26 feet (8.0 meters).


Links:

Peter Larson's Twitter post:
https://mobile.twitter.com/PeteLarsonTrex/status/973346519423246336

Fran Vidakovic's Twitter post:

https://twitter.com/Goji1999/status/1212775954667450373


51. TCM 2001.90.1 (originally ICM) ("Bucky"):

Age: 16 (Subadult) (Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1).
Femur: 116.8 cm (estimated) (Erickson et al., 2004, p. 774 Table 1).
Manual phalanx 1-1: 9.2 cm (at best) (Measured on 4/8/22).


Left to right: manual phalanx 1-1 bones of Gorgosaurus, Nanotyrannus BHI 6437, T. rex specimens MOR 980, and TCM 2001.90.1 (Peter Larson's Twitter post):
"Bucky's" phalanx is black. a poster from BHIGR shows that "Bucky's" phalanx was discovered with the skeleton.

Size estimate:

Acrocanthosaurus Holotype OMNH 10143:

Femur: 115.3 cm.
Body Length: 35 feet (10.7 meters).


116.8 - 115.3 = 1.5.

1.5/115.3*100 = 1.3% increase.

10.7 m + 1.3% = 35 feet (10.8 meters).


52. UCMP 119853:

Figure 1 from Brunson (2023a). The green arrows indicate that the carina and serrations are on the labial and lingual sides. The blue and red arrows are trying to pinpoint where the carina ended. It seems to be where the red arrow is. This was indicated by paleontologist Joshua B. Smith (pers. com.).

Height: 8 cm (Total).


This is the smallest T. rex specimen found yet (at least, fo my knowledge).

Size estimation:
TD-13-251:
Height:
2.8 cm (C).
3.15 cm (T).

"Stan":
Pm 4 (M-Li): 4.1 cm (C) (Smallest).

1.) TD-31-251:
Crown height:
4.1 - 2.8 = 1.3.
1.3/4.1*100 = 31.7% decrease.
12.2 m - 31.7% = 27 feet (8.3 meters).

2.) UCMP 119853:
Total height:
3.15 - 0.8 = 2.35.
2.35/3.15*100 = 74.6% decrease.
8.3 m - 74.6% = 7 feet (2.1 meters).

UCMP 119853's total length: 7 feet (2.1 meters).

Links:

Carpenter (1982):

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281039198_Baby_dinosaurs_from_the_Late_Cretaceous_Lance_and_Hell_Creek_Formations_and_a_description_of_a_new_species_of_theropod

Brunson (2023a):
https://www.academia.edu/96575022/A_Baby_Tyrannosaurus_rex_Premaxillary_or_First_Maxillary_Tooth


53. BHI 6248 ("E.D. Cope"):
Be advised that there isn't a picture, or a Figure, of the specimen that I can accurately measure. Until then, please take this measurement with a grain of salt until further notice.


This specimen was written about in Larson (2008; in Larson and Carpenter, 2008):
P. 37:

P. 38:
8/15/24:
Leg bones (Reddit, r/Dinosaurs, "What makes me feel strange is that no one here has ever discussed this super giant specimen of Tyrannosaurus Rex..."):

My friend "Luke," who gave me the pic, said that the T. rex toy was 12 inches long:
The 12-inch measurement for the toy was correct (Michaels, Safari Ltd Feathered Tyrannosaurus Rex Toy) (Safari Ltd. Feathered T-rex Toy). Therefore, I will be using the toy as my measurement for the femur.

Measurements:
Length: 62.5 cm (at best) (158.75 cm) (Measured on 8/15/24 on the straight/right side).

Body length:
FMNH 2081/BHI 2033:
Length: 45 feet (13.6 meters).
Femur: 143 cm.

158.75 - 143 = 15.75.
15.75/143*100 = 11.01% increase.
13.6 m + 11.0% = 50 feet (15.1 meters).

RSM 2523.8 ("Scotty"):
Length: 46 feet (14.1 meters).
Femur: 148.5 cm.

158.75 - 148.5 = 10.25.
10.25/148.5*100 = 6.9% increase.
14.1 m + 6.9% = 50 feet (15.1 meters).

BHI 6248's Total Length: 50 feet (15.1 meters).

Links:
Reddit post:
-Pic:
https://images.app.goo.gl/FjEhCP3HMaQYvpKq7
-Post (Reddit, r/Dinosaurs, "What makes me feel strange is that no one here has ever discussed this super giant specimen of Tyrannosaurus Rex..."):
https://www.reddit.com/r/Dinosaurs/comments/15y0wu4/what_makes_me_feel_strange_is_that_no_one_here/
Larson (2008; in Larson and Carpenter, 2008) (PP. 37-38): 
https://books.google.com/books?id=5WH9RnfKco4C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Tyrannosaurus+BHI+6248&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwigs4ql3O2HAxUiD1kFHf1CINA4ChDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=Tyrannosaurus%20BHI%206248&f=false
Michaels. Safari Ltd Feathered Tyrannosaurus Rex Toy:
https://www.michaels.com/product/safari-ltd-feathered-tyrannosaurus-rex-toy-10662485?cm_mmc=PLASearch-_-google-_-MICH_Shopping_US_N_Kids_N_PMAX_BOPIS_N-_-&Kenshoo_ida=&kpid=go_cmp-18514200221_adg-_ad-__dev-c_ext-_prd-10662485&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwq_G1BhCSARIsACc7Nxp9Y0I_JGcM8djLpU8-5UgAIfgHObIlIR1NRCeMhC8AehuisWpyvEoaAkcbEALw_wcB
Safari Ltd. Feathered T-rex Toy:
https://www.safariltd.com/products/feathered-tyrannosaurus-rex-figurine?variant=5224181399589&utm_source=adwords&utm_campaign=**LP+Smart+Shopping+-+Wildlife&utm_medium=ppc&utm_term=&hsa_ver=3&hsa_grp=&hsa_acc=2129352416&hsa_ad=&hsa_src=x&hsa_tgt=&hsa_kw=&hsa_cam=18312330198&hsa_mt=&hsa_net=adwords&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwq_G1BhCSARIsACc7NxqU0GHlDdkLFl2w1vPiHwwaSHKJyl56PUyuqX6bUGpXpMMQ2a8A_LwaApStEALw_wcB

Tyrannosaurus rex's Total Length: 
Hatchlings to Adults: 7-66 feet (2.1-20.0 meters). 
Adult Specimens: 40-66 feet (12.2-20.0 meters). 

Time Periods:
International Chronostratigraphic Chart (2020):
International Commission of Stratigraphy Website:
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