Sunday, August 18, 2019

Size Calculations for Prehistoric Felidae.

Size Calculations for Prehistoric Felidae.

Update (9/21/19): All specimens are up-to-date!

The Percentage Increase/Decrease Method:
1. Take new number and subtract it from original number.
2. Take that number and divide it by the original number and multiply by 100.
3. That number will by your percentage increase or decrease if it's negative.

Ex.: "Stan's" Femur is 130 and has a body length of 12.2 meters. "Wyrex" has a femur length of 132.7 cm.

132.7 - 130 = 2.7.
2.7 divided by (represented by "/") and multiplied by (represented by "*") equals 2.1.
(2.7/130*100 = 2.1)
2.1 is your percentage increase, or 2.1% increase.
12.2 m + 2.1% = 12.5 meters for "Wyrex."

Links:
Percentage Increase/Decrease Method Links:
"Percentage Change - Percentage Increase and Decrease." SkillsYouNeed:
"Relative Increase." percentage.calculators.ro:

Model: Siberian Tiger:
1. Specimen 1 (pg. 96):
Body: 150 cm
Skull: 25 cm
Zygomatic (cheek bones) width: 18 cm.

2. Specimen 2 (pg. 105):
Old male with a 36-cm skull.
Body (based on Specimen 1): 216 cm:
25 - 36 = 11.
11/25*100 = 44% increase.
150 cm + 44% = 216 cm.

Link:
Heptner and Sludskii (1972-1996) (Pg. 96 and 105):

Smilodon:
Time: Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary period: 2.58 million to 1,117 thousand years ago B.C.
Place: North and South America.

1. S. fatalis:
Place: North America.

 Skulls:
1. 35.2 cm (13 3/4 inches). (Bone Clones) (Skulls Unlimited)
2. 35.6 cm (14 inches). (Heritage Auctions)
3. 36.2 cm (14.25 inches). (Prehistoric Store)

 Femur:
1. Largest Femur from Sherani (2016): 42.35 (or 42.4) cm. (Pg. 25).

 Skulls:
Skull 1:
Siberian tiger Specimen 2:
Skull: 36 cm.
Body: 216 cm.

36 - 35.2 = 0.8.
0.8/36*100 = 2.2% decrease.
216 cm - 2.2% = 7 feet (211.3 cm).

Skull 2:
Siberian tiger Specimen 2:
Skull: 36 cm.
Body: 216 cm.

36 - 35.6 = 0.4.
0.4/36*100 = 1.1% decrease.
216 cm - 1.1% = 7 feet (213.6 cm).

Skull 3:
Siberian tiger Specimen 2:
Skull: 36 cm.
Body: 216 cm.

36 - 36.2 = 0.2.
0.2/36*100 = 0.6% increase.
216 cm + 0.6% = 7 feet (217.3 cm).

Femur:
1. Specimen from Sherani (2016): 42.4 cm.

 Largest American Lion Specimen from La Brea:
Skull: 47 cm.
(?)Femur: 46 cm.
(?)Humerus: 40.9 cm.
Length: 281.8 cm.

 46 - 42.4 = 3.6.
3.6/46*100 = 7.8% increase.
281.8 cm - 7.8% = 9 feet (259.8 cm).

Smilodon fatalis' Total Length: 7-9 feet (2.1-2.6 meters).
2. S. populator:
Smilodon populator from Walking With Beasts:
Place: South America.

Skull:
1. 39.4 cm (15.5 inches). (Prehistoric Store) (Gaston Design, Inc)
2. 34.7 cm (13 3/4 inches). (Bone Clones)

 Humerus:
Largest One from Sherani (2016): 38.75 (or 38.8) cm. (Pg. 25)

 Skull 1:
S. fatalis Skull 3:
Skull: 36.2 cm.
Body: 217.3 cm.

39.4 - 36.2 = 3.2.
3.2/36.2*100 = 8.8% increase.
217.3 cm + 8.8% = 8 feet (236.4 cm).

 Skull 2: 
Siberian tiger Specimen 2:
Skull: 36 cm.
Body: 216 cm.

34.7 - 36 = 1.3.
1.3/36*100 = 3.6% decrease.
216 cm - 3.6% = 7 feet (208.2 cm).

 Humerus:
1. Largest from Sherani (2016);
Largest American Lion Specimen from La Brea:
Skull: 47 cm.
(?)Femur: 46 cm.
(?)Humerus: 40.9 cm.

Length: 281.8 cm.

 38.8 - 40.9 = 2.1.
2.1/38.8*100 = 5.4% decrease.
281.8 cm - 5.4% = 9 feet (266.6 cm). 

Smilodon populator's Total Length: 7-9 feet (2.1-2.7 meters).

Link:
Skulls:
Skull 1:
Prehistoric Store:

3. Smilodon gracilis:
Place: North America.

Skull:
UF 81700:
Length: 25 cm. (Berta, 1995, pg. 476)

S. populator Skull 2:
Skull: 34.7 cm.
Length: 208.2 cm. 

 25 - 34.7 = 9.7.
9.7/34.7*100 = 28% decrease.
208.2 cm - 28% = 5 feet (149.9 cm).

 S. gracilis' Total Length: 5 feet (1.5 meters).

Link:
Annalisa Berta (1995) (Pg. 476):

Smilodon's Total Length: 5-9 feet (1.5-2.7 meters).
American Cave Lion (Panthera atrox):
Time: Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary period: 2.58 million to 1,117 thousand years ago B.C.
Place: North and South America.

American Cave Lion from Prehistoric Predators (National Geographic):
Skulls:
1. UF 9076 (Holotype): 40.4 cm (Prosthion to inion length). (Bjorn Kurten, 1965, pg. 252, Table 1)
2. 47-cm skull from La Brea Range (Prosthion to inion length). (Bjorn Kurten, 1965, pg. 252, Table 1) (Dinosaur Corporation)

Humerus:
1. Largest Humerus from La Brea Range: 40.9 cm (Possibly belongs to largest skull). (Merriam and Stock, 1932, pg. 114, Table 41) (Bjorn Kurten, 1965, pg. 256, Table 7)
2. 43 cm. (Dinosaur Corporation)

Femurs:
1. 46 cm. (Largest in Merriam and Stock, 1932, pg. 138, Table 66, so it might belong to the same as the skull and humerus) (Sherani, 2016, pg. 25)
2. 15292: 46.2 cm. (Wheeler and Jefferson, 2009, pg. 441, Table 3)

Skulls 
1. UF 9076 (Holotype):
Smilodon populator Skull 1: 
Skull: 39.4 cm.
Length: 236.4 cm.

40.4 - 39.4 = 1.
1/39.4*100 = 2.5% increase.
236.4 cm + 2.5% = 8 feet (242.3 cm). 

 2. 47-cm skull from La Brea Range:
UF 9076 (Holotype):
Skull: 40.4 cm.
Length: 242.3 cm.

47 - 40.4 = 6.6.
6.6/40.4*100 = 16.3% increase.
242.3 cm + 16.3% = 9 feet (281.8 cm). 

 Humerus:
1. 43-cm long humerus:
Largest Specimen from La Brea:
Skull: 47 cm.
(?)Femur: 46 cm.
(?)Humerus: 40.9 cm.
Length: 281.8 cm.

 43 - 40.9 = 2.6.
2.6/40.4*100 = 6.4% increase.
281.8 cm + 6.4% = 10 feet (299.8 cm).

Femurs:
1. 15292 (Wheeler and Jefferson, 2009): 46.2 cm.
Largest Specimen from La Brea:
Skull: 47 cm.
(?)Femur: 46 cm. 
(?)Humerus: 40.9 cm.
Length: 281.8 cm.

46.2 - 46 = 0.2.
0.2/46*100 = 0.4% increase.
281.8 cm + 0.4% = 9 feet (282.9 cm).

American Cave Lion's Total Length: 9-10 feet (2.4-3.0 meters).

 Links:
Bjorn Kurten (1965) (Pg. 252, Table 1):
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/Vol-9-No-6.pdf
Dinosaur Corporation:
Dinosaur Corporation:
Femurs:
Merriam and Stock (1932) (Pg. 138, Table 66):
https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015024037387&view=1up&seq=140
Sherani (2016) (pg. 25):
Link 2:

Eurasian Cave Lion (Panthera spelaea):
Eurasian Cave Lion from Walking With Beasts:
Time: Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary period: 2.58 million to 1,117 thousand years ago B.C
Place: Europe, North and South America.

Skull:
38.1 cm (15 inches) (BC-104). (Angelfire)

Femur:
Largest Femur (Sherani, 2016): 47 cm (Pg. 25).

Skull:
Smilodon fatalis Skull 3:
Skull: 36.2 cm.
Length: 217.3 cm.

38.1 - 36.2 = 1.9.
1.9/36.2*100 = 5.3% increase.
217.3 cm + 5.3% = 8 feet (228.8 cm).

Femur:
American Lion Specimen 15292 (from Wheeler and Jefferson, 2009):
Femur: 46.2 cm.
Length: 282.9 cm.

47 - 46.2 = 0.8.
0.8/46.2*100 = 1.7% increase.
282.9 cm + 1.7% = 9 feet (287.7 cm). 

Eurasian Cave Lion's Total Length: 8-9 feet (2.3-2.9 meters). 

Link:
Skull:
Angelfire:
Femur:
Sherani (2016) (pg. 25):
Link 2:
Eurasian lion is a lion:
Barnett et al., (2016) ("Dating and divergence between spelaea and leo"):
North America:
Ersmark et al., (2015):
https://www.openquaternary.com/jms/article/view/oq.aa
Link 2:
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273321201_Population_Demography_and_Genetic_Diversity_in_the_Pleistocene_Cave_Lion
South America:
Chimento and Agnolin (2017):

Ngandong Tiger (Panthera tigris soloensis):
(This is a Sumatran tiger, but the Ngandong tiger came from the same place as the Sumatran tiger so they probably looked alike. The Ngandong tiger would have been WAY bigger though)

Time: Pleistocene Epoch of the Quaternary period: 2.58 million to 1,117 thousand years ago B.C.
Place: Asia.

Femur: 
Largest from Sherani (2016) (Pg. 25): 48 cm.

European Cave Lion Specimen from Sherani (2016): 
Femur: 47 cm.
Length: 287.7 cm.

48 - 47 = 1.
1/47*100 = 2.1% increase.
287.7 cm + 2.1% = 10 feet (293.7 cm).

Ngandong Tiger's Total Length: 10 feet (2.9 meters). 




Time Periods:
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