My Prehistoric Saga: Size Calculations for Livyatan.

Size Calculations for Livyatan.

Time: Tortonian of the late Miocene Epoch of the Neogene period: 11.6-7.3 million years ago.(Lambert et al., 2016, pg. 461, Figure 37)
Place: South America, but maybe worldwide since it lived in the oceans and seas.

This was the only animal crazy enough to have attacked a Megalodon... aside from another Megalodon.

Leviathan from Jurassic Fight Club:

The Percentage Increase/Decrease Method:
1. Take new number and subtract it from original number.
2. Take that number and divide it by the original number and multiply by 100.
3. That number will by your percentage increase or decrease if it's negative.

Ex.: "Stan's" Femur is 130 and has a body length of 12.2 meters. "Wyrex" has a femur length of 132.7 cm.

132.7 - 130 = 2.7.
2.7 divided by (represented by "/") and multiplied by (represented by "*") equals 2.1.
(2.7/130*100 = 2.1)
2.1 is your percentage increase, or 2.1% increase.
12.2 m + 2.1% = 12.5 meters for "Wyrex."

Links:
Percentage Increase/Decrease Method Links:
"Percentage Change - Percentage Increase and Decrease." SkillsYouNeed:

https://www.skillsyouneed.com/num/percent-change.html
"Relative Increase." percentage.calculators.ro:
https://percentages.calculators.ro/15-percentage-increase-from-original-number-to-new-value.php

Model: Bottlenose Whale:

(Measurements from Clarke, 2005, pg. 85 Table 1):

Skull: 1.49 meters.

Body: 7.45 meters.

Links:

Skull:
Clarke (2005):

http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:VDuT4_q63lAJ:lajamjournal.org/index.php/lajam/article/download/218/170+&cd=24&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=us&client=safari

Family:
NOAA Fisheries. "Northern Bottlenose Whale":

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/species/northern-bottlenose-whale

Specimens:
1. MUSM 1676 (Holotype):
Skull: 300 cm. (Lambert et al., 2010) (Yong, 2010) (I also measured myself on 9/13/19 in Lambert et al., 2010, pg. 106, Figure 1, "A," Dorsal View)
Body Size Estimate: 13.5-17.5 meters. (Lambert et al., 2010, pg. 105)

MUSM 1676 Skull (Lambert et al., 2010, pg. 106, Figure 1, "A," Dorsal View):

The bottlenose whale is a toothed whale similar to the sperm whale and Livyatan, so I think this should be a good way to extrapolate a size estimate for Livyathan.

Finding Body Length of Specimen Using Percentage Increase/Decrease Method:

300 - 149 = 151.
151/149*100 = 101.3% increase.

7.45 m + 101.3% = 49 feet (15.0 meters).

Finding Body Length of Specimen Using the Equation Used by Lambert et al., (2010) (Supplementary Materials):

1. Body Length of Model (BL) - Skull Length of Model (CBL) = Number.
2. Number/Skull Width of Model (BZW) = Ratio.
3. Ratio x BZW of Specimen + CBL of Specimen = Body Length of Specimen.

Model: Bottlenose Whale:

(Measurements from Clarke, 2005, pg. 85 Table 1):

Skull: 1.49 meters.
Width: 76 cm.

Body: 7.45 meters.

745 - 149 = 596.

596/76 = 7.8.

7.8 x 197 (pg. 8 Table 1 "Bizygomatic width...") + 300 = 60 feet (1836.6 cm/18.4 meters).

Livyatan's Total Length: 49-60 feet (15.0-18.4 meters).

Links:

Lambert et al., (2010):
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/258421564_The_giant_bite_of_a_new_raptorial_sperm_whale_from_the_Miocene_epoch_of_Peru
Link 2:

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09067
Supplementary Information:
https://static-content.springer.com/esm/art%3A10.1038%2Fnature09067/MediaObjects/41586_2010_BFnature09067_MOESM6_ESM.pdf

Yong (2010):